<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[Journal d'investissement]]></title><description><![CDATA[European Equity Investor]]></description><link>https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7WEp!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fraphaelvignesinvest.substack.com%2Fimg%2Fsubstack.png</url><title>Journal d&apos;investissement</title><link>https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Wed, 20 May 2026 10:50:43 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Raphaël Vignes]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[fr]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[raphaelvignesinvest@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[raphaelvignesinvest@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[Raphaël Vignes]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[Raphaël Vignes]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[raphaelvignesinvest@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[raphaelvignesinvest@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[Raphaël Vignes]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[Ipsos]]></title><description><![CDATA[Opportunit&#233; value du moment ?]]></description><link>https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/ipsos-c67</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/ipsos-c67</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Raphaël Vignes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 20 May 2026 06:15:08 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xcak!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf95693e-edda-428f-8505-993c62b54737_1280x720.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xcak!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf95693e-edda-428f-8505-993c62b54737_1280x720.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xcak!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf95693e-edda-428f-8505-993c62b54737_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xcak!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf95693e-edda-428f-8505-993c62b54737_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xcak!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf95693e-edda-428f-8505-993c62b54737_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xcak!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf95693e-edda-428f-8505-993c62b54737_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xcak!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf95693e-edda-428f-8505-993c62b54737_1280x720.jpeg" width="1280" height="720" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cf95693e-edda-428f-8505-993c62b54737_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:720,&quot;width&quot;:1280,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:126640,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/197464254?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf95693e-edda-428f-8505-993c62b54737_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xcak!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf95693e-edda-428f-8505-993c62b54737_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xcak!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf95693e-edda-428f-8505-993c62b54737_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xcak!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf95693e-edda-428f-8505-993c62b54737_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xcak!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf95693e-edda-428f-8505-993c62b54737_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonnez-vous maintenant&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?"><span>Abonnez-vous maintenant</span></a></p><h4><strong>Le cours de l&#8217;action</strong></h4><p>Le cours de l&#8217;action Ipsos, leader mondial des &#233;tudes de march&#233;, sondages d&#8217;opinion et analyses en data science, &#233;volue autour de 36 &#8364; en Mai 2026, pour une capitalisation boursi&#232;re d&#8217;environ 1,54 Md&#8364;. Parti d&#8217;environ 26 &#8364; il y a 10 ans (hors dividendes), le titre a r&#233;alis&#233; une performance modeste, environ x1,4 sur la p&#233;riode, mais avec les dividendes un investissement de 10 000 &#8364; serait devenu environ 18 700 &#8364;. Le parcours reste peu enthousiasmant sur la d&#233;cennie, avec une correction marqu&#233;e depuis mi-2024 li&#233;e au narratif IA. Pourtant, le march&#233; semble sous-estimer la solidit&#233; du mod&#232;le et les signes d&#8217;am&#233;lioration attendus en 2026. Examinons les fondamentaux pour identifier une potentielle opportunit&#233; value dans un secteur mature.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jt8w!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd009ad5f-1e56-4d6f-82d9-c9eed5b50d7c_1510x673.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jt8w!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd009ad5f-1e56-4d6f-82d9-c9eed5b50d7c_1510x673.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jt8w!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd009ad5f-1e56-4d6f-82d9-c9eed5b50d7c_1510x673.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jt8w!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd009ad5f-1e56-4d6f-82d9-c9eed5b50d7c_1510x673.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jt8w!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd009ad5f-1e56-4d6f-82d9-c9eed5b50d7c_1510x673.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jt8w!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd009ad5f-1e56-4d6f-82d9-c9eed5b50d7c_1510x673.png" width="1200" height="534.8901098901099" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d009ad5f-1e56-4d6f-82d9-c9eed5b50d7c_1510x673.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:649,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:147790,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/197464254?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd009ad5f-1e56-4d6f-82d9-c9eed5b50d7c_1510x673.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jt8w!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd009ad5f-1e56-4d6f-82d9-c9eed5b50d7c_1510x673.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jt8w!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd009ad5f-1e56-4d6f-82d9-c9eed5b50d7c_1510x673.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jt8w!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd009ad5f-1e56-4d6f-82d9-c9eed5b50d7c_1510x673.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!jt8w!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd009ad5f-1e56-4d6f-82d9-c9eed5b50d7c_1510x673.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Croissance</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UZjn!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8ceab951-9d85-42f7-b0a4-2c2fe73a3ca4_1510x673.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UZjn!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8ceab951-9d85-42f7-b0a4-2c2fe73a3ca4_1510x673.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UZjn!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8ceab951-9d85-42f7-b0a4-2c2fe73a3ca4_1510x673.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UZjn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8ceab951-9d85-42f7-b0a4-2c2fe73a3ca4_1510x673.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UZjn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8ceab951-9d85-42f7-b0a4-2c2fe73a3ca4_1510x673.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UZjn!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8ceab951-9d85-42f7-b0a4-2c2fe73a3ca4_1510x673.png" width="1200" height="534.8901098901099" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8ceab951-9d85-42f7-b0a4-2c2fe73a3ca4_1510x673.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:649,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:73029,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/197464254?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8ceab951-9d85-42f7-b0a4-2c2fe73a3ca4_1510x673.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UZjn!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8ceab951-9d85-42f7-b0a4-2c2fe73a3ca4_1510x673.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UZjn!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8ceab951-9d85-42f7-b0a4-2c2fe73a3ca4_1510x673.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UZjn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8ceab951-9d85-42f7-b0a4-2c2fe73a3ca4_1510x673.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!UZjn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8ceab951-9d85-42f7-b0a4-2c2fe73a3ca4_1510x673.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Ipsos affiche une croissance m&#233;diane du chiffre d&#8217;affaires autour de 2 % sur 10 ans, typique d&#8217;un secteur mature en phase de consolidation. La croissance organique reste faible, voire n&#233;gative r&#233;cemment (baisse de 1,4 % au T1, contre une attente d&#233;j&#224; modeste de +1,1 %). Le management anticipe cependant une am&#233;lioration progressive de l&#8217;activit&#233; organique au cours de 2026, apr&#232;s une p&#233;riode attentiste des grands donneurs d&#8217;ordres.<br>La croissance externe compense efficacement via des acquisitions de taille modeste, qui renforcent la pr&#233;sence g&#233;ographique et sectorielle sans diluer significativement les marges. Ce mod&#232;le de consolidation dans un secteur fragment&#233; permet de booster le chiffre d&#8217;affaires tout en am&#233;liorant l&#8217;efficience op&#233;rationnelle des entit&#233;s rachet&#233;es.L&#8217;IA repr&#233;sente un risque th&#233;orique, mais Ipsos b&#233;n&#233;ficie d&#8217;un avantage concurrentiel durable : l&#8217;acc&#232;s &#224; une base de vraies personnes pour administrer des sondages, combin&#233; &#224; un savoir-faire humain de haut niveau (statisticiens et data scientists). L&#8217;IA acc&#233;l&#232;re le traitement et les insights, mais ne remplace pas l&#8217;acc&#232;s aux panels r&#233;els ni l&#8217;expertise d&#8217;interpr&#233;tation. Cela renforce plut&#244;t le positionnement &#171; humain + tech &#187;.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Taux de marges</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L1F7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2cb940e-9f4c-4643-b05f-6c69c24bbb09_1510x673.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L1F7!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2cb940e-9f4c-4643-b05f-6c69c24bbb09_1510x673.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L1F7!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2cb940e-9f4c-4643-b05f-6c69c24bbb09_1510x673.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L1F7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2cb940e-9f4c-4643-b05f-6c69c24bbb09_1510x673.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L1F7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2cb940e-9f4c-4643-b05f-6c69c24bbb09_1510x673.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L1F7!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2cb940e-9f4c-4643-b05f-6c69c24bbb09_1510x673.png" width="1200" height="534.8901098901099" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c2cb940e-9f4c-4643-b05f-6c69c24bbb09_1510x673.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:649,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:102899,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/197464254?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2cb940e-9f4c-4643-b05f-6c69c24bbb09_1510x673.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L1F7!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2cb940e-9f4c-4643-b05f-6c69c24bbb09_1510x673.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L1F7!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2cb940e-9f4c-4643-b05f-6c69c24bbb09_1510x673.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L1F7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2cb940e-9f4c-4643-b05f-6c69c24bbb09_1510x673.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L1F7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2cb940e-9f4c-4643-b05f-6c69c24bbb09_1510x673.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>La marge brute s&#8217;&#233;tablit autour de 68 %, au plus haut sur 10 ans (contre ~65 % il y a dix ans). Ce niveau &#233;lev&#233; refl&#232;te un r&#233;el pricing power et un avantage concurrentiel fond&#233; sur des m&#233;thodologies propri&#233;taires et une valeur ajout&#233;e forte.</p><p>La marge d&#8217;EBITDA (ou op&#233;rationnelle) atteint 13-13,3 %, &#233;galement en nette am&#233;lioration par rapport aux 11 % d&#8217;il y a dix ans, malgr&#233; la pression sur les co&#251;ts salariaux des talents en data science et IA. Le groupe maintient une bonne visibilit&#233; sur cette rentabilit&#233;. La marge nette tourne autour de 7,4 %, en progression, tandis que la marge de free cash flow (~8,7 %) reste sup&#233;rieure, confirmant un mod&#232;le asset-light tr&#232;s g&#233;n&#233;rateur de cash.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Qualit&#233; des b&#233;n&#233;fices nets</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pXZa!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a3a981-5df3-495f-8277-16b293521e0e_1510x673.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pXZa!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a3a981-5df3-495f-8277-16b293521e0e_1510x673.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pXZa!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a3a981-5df3-495f-8277-16b293521e0e_1510x673.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pXZa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a3a981-5df3-495f-8277-16b293521e0e_1510x673.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pXZa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a3a981-5df3-495f-8277-16b293521e0e_1510x673.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pXZa!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a3a981-5df3-495f-8277-16b293521e0e_1510x673.png" width="1200" height="534.8901098901099" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c3a3a981-5df3-495f-8277-16b293521e0e_1510x673.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:649,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:118574,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/197464254?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a3a981-5df3-495f-8277-16b293521e0e_1510x673.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pXZa!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a3a981-5df3-495f-8277-16b293521e0e_1510x673.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pXZa!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a3a981-5df3-495f-8277-16b293521e0e_1510x673.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pXZa!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a3a981-5df3-495f-8277-16b293521e0e_1510x673.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pXZa!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3a3a981-5df3-495f-8277-16b293521e0e_1510x673.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Sur longue p&#233;riode, Ipsos g&#233;n&#232;re structurellement plus de free cash flows que de b&#233;n&#233;fices nets, ce qui est excellent pour une activit&#233; peu capitalistique. Le besoin en fonds de roulement (BFR) reste tr&#232;s faible (autour de 5 % du CA) malgr&#233; les d&#233;lais impos&#233;s par les grands clients. Il s&#8217;est m&#234;me am&#233;lior&#233; sur 10 ans, lib&#233;rant des liquidit&#233;s suppl&#233;mentaires.Les CAPEX sont mod&#233;r&#233;s (principalement IT et R&amp;D) et les &#233;l&#233;ments non cash (amortissements d&#8217;&#233;carts d&#8217;acquisition notamment) expliquent une partie de l&#8217;&#233;cart entre r&#233;sultat net et FCF. Pour valoriser correctement cette maturit&#233;, il est pr&#233;f&#233;rable de se focaliser sur les free cash flows plut&#244;t que sur le r&#233;sultat net pur.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Rentabilit&#233;</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7E4a!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff3524e45-f202-4c46-a376-084c3fc8b824_1510x673.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7E4a!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff3524e45-f202-4c46-a376-084c3fc8b824_1510x673.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7E4a!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff3524e45-f202-4c46-a376-084c3fc8b824_1510x673.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7E4a!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff3524e45-f202-4c46-a376-084c3fc8b824_1510x673.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7E4a!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff3524e45-f202-4c46-a376-084c3fc8b824_1510x673.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7E4a!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff3524e45-f202-4c46-a376-084c3fc8b824_1510x673.png" width="1200" height="534.8901098901099" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f3524e45-f202-4c46-a376-084c3fc8b824_1510x673.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:649,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:65894,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/197464254?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff3524e45-f202-4c46-a376-084c3fc8b824_1510x673.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7E4a!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff3524e45-f202-4c46-a376-084c3fc8b824_1510x673.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7E4a!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff3524e45-f202-4c46-a376-084c3fc8b824_1510x673.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7E4a!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff3524e45-f202-4c46-a376-084c3fc8b824_1510x673.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!7E4a!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff3524e45-f202-4c46-a376-084c3fc8b824_1510x673.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Le ROIC (Return On Invested Capital) se situe autour de 10,6 % en m&#233;diane, un niveau solide pour un business de services non intensif en capital. Avec un co&#251;t moyen pond&#233;r&#233; du capital estim&#233; autour de 8 %, Ipsos cr&#233;e structurellement de la valeur &#233;conomique pour ses actionnaires.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Dette</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hvfg!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ebbb81a-1973-4460-a9c5-7261fb8e6cc4_1517x743.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hvfg!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ebbb81a-1973-4460-a9c5-7261fb8e6cc4_1517x743.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hvfg!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ebbb81a-1973-4460-a9c5-7261fb8e6cc4_1517x743.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hvfg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ebbb81a-1973-4460-a9c5-7261fb8e6cc4_1517x743.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hvfg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ebbb81a-1973-4460-a9c5-7261fb8e6cc4_1517x743.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hvfg!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ebbb81a-1973-4460-a9c5-7261fb8e6cc4_1517x743.png" width="1200" height="587.6373626373627" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2ebbb81a-1973-4460-a9c5-7261fb8e6cc4_1517x743.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:713,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:100882,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/184113474?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ebbb81a-1973-4460-a9c5-7261fb8e6cc4_1517x743.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hvfg!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ebbb81a-1973-4460-a9c5-7261fb8e6cc4_1517x743.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hvfg!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ebbb81a-1973-4460-a9c5-7261fb8e6cc4_1517x743.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hvfg!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ebbb81a-1973-4460-a9c5-7261fb8e6cc4_1517x743.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hvfg!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ebbb81a-1973-4460-a9c5-7261fb8e6cc4_1517x743.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>La dette nette reste tr&#232;s ma&#238;tris&#233;e, autour de 1x l&#8217;EBITDA et 1,5x les free cash flows. Les pics temporaires li&#233;s aux acquisitions restent raisonnables dans un secteur mature &#224; cash flows peu volatils. Le bilan est prudent et soutenable, m&#234;me en environnement de taux plus &#233;lev&#233;s. La dette permet en outre d&#8217;optimiser le WACC sans prendre de risque excessif.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>R&#233;mun&#233;ration des actionnaires</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O6E5!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff992b2d3-54c6-442c-a71f-4d0488ff6ecf_1510x673.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O6E5!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff992b2d3-54c6-442c-a71f-4d0488ff6ecf_1510x673.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O6E5!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff992b2d3-54c6-442c-a71f-4d0488ff6ecf_1510x673.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O6E5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff992b2d3-54c6-442c-a71f-4d0488ff6ecf_1510x673.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O6E5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff992b2d3-54c6-442c-a71f-4d0488ff6ecf_1510x673.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O6E5!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff992b2d3-54c6-442c-a71f-4d0488ff6ecf_1510x673.png" width="1200" height="534.8901098901099" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f992b2d3-54c6-442c-a71f-4d0488ff6ecf_1510x673.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:649,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:117403,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/197464254?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff992b2d3-54c6-442c-a71f-4d0488ff6ecf_1510x673.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O6E5!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff992b2d3-54c6-442c-a71f-4d0488ff6ecf_1510x673.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O6E5!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff992b2d3-54c6-442c-a71f-4d0488ff6ecf_1510x673.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O6E5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff992b2d3-54c6-442c-a71f-4d0488ff6ecf_1510x673.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!O6E5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff992b2d3-54c6-442c-a71f-4d0488ff6ecf_1510x673.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Sur environ 219 M&#8364; de free cash flows r&#233;cents, Ipsos distribue environ 80 M&#8364; en dividendes, soit un payout d&#8217;environ 36 % des FCF, tr&#232;s s&#233;curis&#233;. Le rendement dividende approche 5,1 %. Une enveloppe de rachats d&#8217;actions compl&#232;te la politique, portant le rendement actionnarial total autour de 6,1 %. La r&#233;mun&#233;ration est attractive pour une valeur mature, avec une marge de man&#339;uvre pour l&#8217;augmenter si besoin.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Valorisation</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LzuR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0624503-a23e-4ba2-b706-b42c7695d502_1510x673.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LzuR!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0624503-a23e-4ba2-b706-b42c7695d502_1510x673.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LzuR!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0624503-a23e-4ba2-b706-b42c7695d502_1510x673.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LzuR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0624503-a23e-4ba2-b706-b42c7695d502_1510x673.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LzuR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0624503-a23e-4ba2-b706-b42c7695d502_1510x673.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LzuR!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0624503-a23e-4ba2-b706-b42c7695d502_1510x673.png" width="1200" height="534.8901098901099" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d0624503-a23e-4ba2-b706-b42c7695d502_1510x673.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:649,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:127918,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/197464254?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0624503-a23e-4ba2-b706-b42c7695d502_1510x673.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LzuR!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0624503-a23e-4ba2-b706-b42c7695d502_1510x673.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LzuR!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0624503-a23e-4ba2-b706-b42c7695d502_1510x673.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LzuR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0624503-a23e-4ba2-b706-b42c7695d502_1510x673.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LzuR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd0624503-a23e-4ba2-b706-b42c7695d502_1510x673.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Le multiple valeur d&#8217;entreprise/EBITDA autour de 5,1x est historiquement bas (m&#233;diane 10 ans ~7,5x), soit une d&#233;cote significative de 35 %. Les valorisations n&#8217;ont quasiment jamais &#233;t&#233; aussi attractives. En Price to Book, le titre n&#8217;est pas loin des capitaux propres actuellement.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lpc7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ca77c7a-f8f5-4d24-9946-90f545ece7c7_1663x214.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lpc7!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ca77c7a-f8f5-4d24-9946-90f545ece7c7_1663x214.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lpc7!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ca77c7a-f8f5-4d24-9946-90f545ece7c7_1663x214.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lpc7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ca77c7a-f8f5-4d24-9946-90f545ece7c7_1663x214.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lpc7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ca77c7a-f8f5-4d24-9946-90f545ece7c7_1663x214.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lpc7!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ca77c7a-f8f5-4d24-9946-90f545ece7c7_1663x214.png" width="1200" height="154.12087912087912" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2ca77c7a-f8f5-4d24-9946-90f545ece7c7_1663x214.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:187,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:47383,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/197464254?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ca77c7a-f8f5-4d24-9946-90f545ece7c7_1663x214.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lpc7!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ca77c7a-f8f5-4d24-9946-90f545ece7c7_1663x214.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lpc7!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ca77c7a-f8f5-4d24-9946-90f545ece7c7_1663x214.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lpc7!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ca77c7a-f8f5-4d24-9946-90f545ece7c7_1663x214.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lpc7!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2ca77c7a-f8f5-4d24-9946-90f545ece7c7_1663x214.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Compar&#233; aux pairs (Gartner &#224; ~9x avec rentabilit&#233; similaire, YouGov ou Forrester plus faibles), Ipsos appara&#238;t sous-&#233;valu&#233;e au regard de sa rentabilit&#233; sup&#233;rieure et de son positionnement d&#233;fensif. Le march&#233; p&#233;nalise le narratif IA et la croissance organique atone, cr&#233;ant une opportunit&#233; pour les investisseurs value.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>Ipsos constitue un dossier value tr&#232;s int&#233;ressant : secteur mature en consolidation, leadership dans les &#233;tudes bas&#233;es sur l&#8217;intelligence humaine augment&#233;e par l&#8217;IA, rentabilit&#233; &#233;lev&#233;e, cash-flows solides et bilan prudent. Les risques (pression salariale, attentisme des clients, narratif IA) sont att&#233;nu&#233;s par les avantages concurrentiels durables, la strat&#233;gie d&#8217;acquisitions cibl&#233;es et la valorisation au plancher historique.<br>Avec un rendement actionnarial ~6 % s&#233;curis&#233; et un potentiel de revalorisation du multiple (cible r&#233;aliste 45-48 &#8364;, soit +35-40 %), Ipsos est un candidat s&#233;rieux &#224; mettre en watchlist ou en portefeuille pour les investisseurs orient&#233;s services professionnels, cash-flows et d&#233;cotes. Ce n&#8217;est pas un conseil en investissement.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/ipsos-c67?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Partager&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/ipsos-c67?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Partager</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Maurel et Prom]]></title><description><![CDATA[L'expansion continue !]]></description><link>https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/maurel-et-prom-117</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/maurel-et-prom-117</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Raphaël Vignes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 19 May 2026 06:16:49 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!guEA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9aff6f8-538a-4aa0-9bd3-c37e44a798d1_1280x720.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!guEA!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9aff6f8-538a-4aa0-9bd3-c37e44a798d1_1280x720.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!guEA!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9aff6f8-538a-4aa0-9bd3-c37e44a798d1_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!guEA!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9aff6f8-538a-4aa0-9bd3-c37e44a798d1_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!guEA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9aff6f8-538a-4aa0-9bd3-c37e44a798d1_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!guEA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9aff6f8-538a-4aa0-9bd3-c37e44a798d1_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!guEA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9aff6f8-538a-4aa0-9bd3-c37e44a798d1_1280x720.jpeg" width="1280" height="720" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f9aff6f8-538a-4aa0-9bd3-c37e44a798d1_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:720,&quot;width&quot;:1280,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:143856,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/197182067?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9aff6f8-538a-4aa0-9bd3-c37e44a798d1_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!guEA!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9aff6f8-538a-4aa0-9bd3-c37e44a798d1_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!guEA!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9aff6f8-538a-4aa0-9bd3-c37e44a798d1_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!guEA!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9aff6f8-538a-4aa0-9bd3-c37e44a798d1_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!guEA!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff9aff6f8-538a-4aa0-9bd3-c37e44a798d1_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonnez-vous maintenant&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?"><span>Abonnez-vous maintenant</span></a></p><h1><strong>Introduction</strong></h1><p>Maurel &amp; Prom a connu une performance boursi&#232;re remarquable ces derni&#232;res ann&#233;es, avec un cours pass&#233; d&#8217;environ 3 &#8364; &#224; pr&#232;s de 9,60 &#8364; sur 10 ans. Cette forte hausse refl&#232;te un momentum positif port&#233; par une ex&#233;cution solide de sa strat&#233;gie de croissance, des acquisitions et cessions cibl&#233;es, ainsi que des avanc&#233;es g&#233;opolitiques, notamment au Venezuela. La cession de sa participation dans Seplat Energy (Nigeria) a g&#233;n&#233;r&#233; une importante tr&#233;sorerie, permettant de red&#233;ployer les capitaux vers des actifs &#224; plus fort potentiel. R&#233;cemment, la campagne de forage sur Sinu-9 en Colombie porte ses fruits avec la d&#233;couverte de volumes significatifs de gaz. &#192; court terme, le titre a profit&#233; d&#8217;un Brent &#233;lev&#233; avant de corriger suite aux craintes de r&#233;approvisionnement du march&#233;. &#192; moyen/long terme, la combinaison d&#8217;une croissance organique, d&#8217;acquisitions cr&#233;atrices de valeur et d&#8217;une option Venezuela attractive positionne Maurel &amp; Prom comme une junior E&amp;P dynamique dans un secteur cyclique. Analysons les fondamentaux.</p><h4><strong>Le cours de l&#8217;action</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FlqN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3175f7a8-1398-4026-8734-91b1dc092e00_1517x705.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FlqN!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3175f7a8-1398-4026-8734-91b1dc092e00_1517x705.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FlqN!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3175f7a8-1398-4026-8734-91b1dc092e00_1517x705.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FlqN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3175f7a8-1398-4026-8734-91b1dc092e00_1517x705.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FlqN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3175f7a8-1398-4026-8734-91b1dc092e00_1517x705.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FlqN!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3175f7a8-1398-4026-8734-91b1dc092e00_1517x705.png" width="1200" height="557.967032967033" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3175f7a8-1398-4026-8734-91b1dc092e00_1517x705.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:677,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:134966,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/197182067?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3175f7a8-1398-4026-8734-91b1dc092e00_1517x705.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FlqN!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3175f7a8-1398-4026-8734-91b1dc092e00_1517x705.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FlqN!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3175f7a8-1398-4026-8734-91b1dc092e00_1517x705.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FlqN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3175f7a8-1398-4026-8734-91b1dc092e00_1517x705.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FlqN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3175f7a8-1398-4026-8734-91b1dc092e00_1517x705.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Le cours de Maurel &amp; Prom &#233;volue actuellement autour de 9,60 &#8364; apr&#232;s une correction r&#233;cente. Sur 10 ans, la performance est solide : le titre est pass&#233; d&#8217;environ 3 &#8364; &#224; 9,60 &#8364;, soit un multiple x3 environ hors dividendes. La market cap est pass&#233;e d&#8217;un niveau modeste &#224; pr&#232;s de 2 milliards d&#8217;euros. Si vous aviez investi 10 000 &#8364; il y a 10 ans avec dividendes r&#233;investis, vous seriez aujourd&#8217;hui autour de 37 900 &#8364; : une tr&#232;s belle performance pour une junior p&#233;troli&#232;re op&#233;rant dans des zones risqu&#233;es. Depuis la restructuration post-2020, le soutien de l&#8217;actionnaire majoritaire Pertamina a apport&#233; stabilit&#233; et acc&#232;s &#224; des financements pr&#233;f&#233;rentiels, m&#234;me si cela limite parfois l&#8217;influence des minoritaires.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Croissance</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vM1z!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9cbbadf3-55a9-4c41-9626-6e8468239706_1515x670.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vM1z!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9cbbadf3-55a9-4c41-9626-6e8468239706_1515x670.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vM1z!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9cbbadf3-55a9-4c41-9626-6e8468239706_1515x670.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vM1z!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9cbbadf3-55a9-4c41-9626-6e8468239706_1515x670.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vM1z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9cbbadf3-55a9-4c41-9626-6e8468239706_1515x670.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vM1z!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9cbbadf3-55a9-4c41-9626-6e8468239706_1515x670.png" width="1200" height="530.7692307692307" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9cbbadf3-55a9-4c41-9626-6e8468239706_1515x670.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:644,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:75818,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/193551752?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9cbbadf3-55a9-4c41-9626-6e8468239706_1515x670.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vM1z!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9cbbadf3-55a9-4c41-9626-6e8468239706_1515x670.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vM1z!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9cbbadf3-55a9-4c41-9626-6e8468239706_1515x670.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vM1z!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9cbbadf3-55a9-4c41-9626-6e8468239706_1515x670.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vM1z!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9cbbadf3-55a9-4c41-9626-6e8468239706_1515x670.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Maurel &amp; Prom affiche une croissance mixte : organique et externe via M&amp;A. La production totale a l&#233;g&#232;rement recul&#233; de 3 % au T1 2026 par rapport au T1 2025, mais progresse de +7 % en s&#233;quentiel. Hors effets prix, l&#8217;attention reste port&#233;e sur les volumes. La croissance organique est estim&#233;e entre 3 et 5 % gr&#226;ce &#224; l&#8217;optimisation des puits existants et aux campagnes de forage. La cession de Seplat a lib&#233;r&#233; une importante tr&#233;sorerie qui sera red&#233;ploy&#233;e. Le closing de la participation op&#233;rateur de 61 % dans Sinu-9 (Colombie) avance bien : la campagne de forage identifie des volumes de gaz int&#233;ressants, avec une mont&#233;e en production attendue d&#8217;ici mi-2026. Le groupe poursuit &#233;galement son entr&#233;e sur de nouveaux blocs (Angola notamment). La diversification g&#233;ographique (Gabon, Tanzanie, Colombie, Venezuela, etc.) et la hausse des r&#233;serves 2P soutiennent un profil de croissance p&#233;renne pour cette junior p&#233;troli&#232;re et gazi&#232;re.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Taux de marges</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3TWU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb81587c9-1f0b-4b90-9c44-5bd32c7f552f_1515x670.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3TWU!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb81587c9-1f0b-4b90-9c44-5bd32c7f552f_1515x670.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3TWU!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb81587c9-1f0b-4b90-9c44-5bd32c7f552f_1515x670.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3TWU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb81587c9-1f0b-4b90-9c44-5bd32c7f552f_1515x670.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3TWU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb81587c9-1f0b-4b90-9c44-5bd32c7f552f_1515x670.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3TWU!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb81587c9-1f0b-4b90-9c44-5bd32c7f552f_1515x670.png" width="1200" height="530.7692307692307" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b81587c9-1f0b-4b90-9c44-5bd32c7f552f_1515x670.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:644,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:115806,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/193551752?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb81587c9-1f0b-4b90-9c44-5bd32c7f552f_1515x670.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3TWU!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb81587c9-1f0b-4b90-9c44-5bd32c7f552f_1515x670.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3TWU!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb81587c9-1f0b-4b90-9c44-5bd32c7f552f_1515x670.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3TWU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb81587c9-1f0b-4b90-9c44-5bd32c7f552f_1515x670.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3TWU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb81587c9-1f0b-4b90-9c44-5bd32c7f552f_1515x670.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Maurel &amp; Prom ne publie pas de marge brute classique. La marge EBITDA est solide et s&#8217;est nettement am&#233;lior&#233;e sur 10 ans gr&#226;ce &#224; une meilleure efficacit&#233; op&#233;rationnelle et des co&#251;ts marginaux ma&#238;tris&#233;s (autour de 40-45 % r&#233;cemment). La marge nette ressort tr&#232;s &#233;lev&#233;e, notamment gr&#226;ce aux r&#233;sultats mis en &#233;quivalence des participations (avant la cession de Seplat). La conversion en free cash flow est globalement bonne, m&#234;me si temporairement impact&#233;e par des capex de croissance (forage Sinu-9, d&#233;veloppement Venezuela). Globalement, les marges refl&#232;tent une op&#233;rationnelle de qualit&#233; dans un environnement mature.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Qualit&#233; des b&#233;n&#233;fices nets</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1pn3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a8d102b-02d6-4c70-aa67-3fbe617517fc_1515x670.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1pn3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a8d102b-02d6-4c70-aa67-3fbe617517fc_1515x670.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1pn3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a8d102b-02d6-4c70-aa67-3fbe617517fc_1515x670.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1pn3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a8d102b-02d6-4c70-aa67-3fbe617517fc_1515x670.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1pn3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a8d102b-02d6-4c70-aa67-3fbe617517fc_1515x670.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1pn3!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a8d102b-02d6-4c70-aa67-3fbe617517fc_1515x670.png" width="1200" height="530.7692307692307" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6a8d102b-02d6-4c70-aa67-3fbe617517fc_1515x670.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:644,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:147216,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/193551752?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a8d102b-02d6-4c70-aa67-3fbe617517fc_1515x670.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1pn3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a8d102b-02d6-4c70-aa67-3fbe617517fc_1515x670.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1pn3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a8d102b-02d6-4c70-aa67-3fbe617517fc_1515x670.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1pn3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a8d102b-02d6-4c70-aa67-3fbe617517fc_1515x670.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1pn3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a8d102b-02d6-4c70-aa67-3fbe617517fc_1515x670.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Le groupe g&#233;n&#232;re structurellement du cash abondant. Le besoin en fonds de roulement (BFR) est globalement bien ma&#238;tris&#233;, m&#234;me s&#8217;il a connu des variations positives r&#233;cemment (autour de 15 % du chiffre d&#8217;affaires, niveau g&#233;rable). Les capex d&#233;passent les amortissements, signe d&#8217;investissement pour la croissance future. Le free cash flow cumul&#233; reste solide sur plusieurs ann&#233;es. Mieux vaut privil&#233;gier le FCF au r&#233;sultat net pour &#233;valuer la qualit&#233; des b&#233;n&#233;fices, surtout avec les impacts des participations mises en &#233;quivalence et les mouvements exceptionnels li&#233;s &#224; la restructuration et aux cessions.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Rentabilit&#233;</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xShO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b6986d4-55bb-4cfb-ba67-d368984f5f0a_1512x715.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xShO!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b6986d4-55bb-4cfb-ba67-d368984f5f0a_1512x715.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xShO!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b6986d4-55bb-4cfb-ba67-d368984f5f0a_1512x715.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xShO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b6986d4-55bb-4cfb-ba67-d368984f5f0a_1512x715.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xShO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b6986d4-55bb-4cfb-ba67-d368984f5f0a_1512x715.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xShO!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b6986d4-55bb-4cfb-ba67-d368984f5f0a_1512x715.png" width="1200" height="567.8571428571429" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7b6986d4-55bb-4cfb-ba67-d368984f5f0a_1512x715.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:689,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:80905,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/197182067?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b6986d4-55bb-4cfb-ba67-d368984f5f0a_1512x715.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xShO!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b6986d4-55bb-4cfb-ba67-d368984f5f0a_1512x715.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xShO!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b6986d4-55bb-4cfb-ba67-d368984f5f0a_1512x715.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xShO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b6986d4-55bb-4cfb-ba67-d368984f5f0a_1512x715.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!xShO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7b6986d4-55bb-4cfb-ba67-d368984f5f0a_1512x715.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Maurel &amp; Prom affiche une rentabilit&#233; tr&#232;s attractive. Le ROE m&#233;dian atteint environ 31 %, un niveau excellent pour une junior E&amp;P. Le ROIC se situe autour de 10-11 % sur 10 ans, avec un biais li&#233; &#224; l&#8217;augmentation des capitaux investis. Le co&#251;t des capitaux propres (estim&#233; &#224; 12 % ou plus compte tenu des risques pays et de la cyclicit&#233;) est globalement d&#233;pass&#233;, cr&#233;ant de la valeur pour les actionnaires. Cette rentabilit&#233; s&#8217;est fortement am&#233;lior&#233;e depuis la restructuration de 2020 gr&#226;ce &#224; l&#8217;optimisation op&#233;rationnelle et &#224; une allocation disciplin&#233;e du capital.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Dette</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zmot!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd211b995-caf9-46e4-9bb4-f3d3ee32c5a9_1515x670.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zmot!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd211b995-caf9-46e4-9bb4-f3d3ee32c5a9_1515x670.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zmot!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd211b995-caf9-46e4-9bb4-f3d3ee32c5a9_1515x670.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zmot!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd211b995-caf9-46e4-9bb4-f3d3ee32c5a9_1515x670.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zmot!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd211b995-caf9-46e4-9bb4-f3d3ee32c5a9_1515x670.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zmot!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd211b995-caf9-46e4-9bb4-f3d3ee32c5a9_1515x670.png" width="1200" height="530.7692307692307" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d211b995-caf9-46e4-9bb4-f3d3ee32c5a9_1515x670.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:644,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:78950,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/193551752?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd211b995-caf9-46e4-9bb4-f3d3ee32c5a9_1515x670.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zmot!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd211b995-caf9-46e4-9bb4-f3d3ee32c5a9_1515x670.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zmot!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd211b995-caf9-46e4-9bb4-f3d3ee32c5a9_1515x670.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zmot!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd211b995-caf9-46e4-9bb4-f3d3ee32c5a9_1515x670.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zmot!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd211b995-caf9-46e4-9bb4-f3d3ee32c5a9_1515x670.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Le bilan est ultra-solide. Apr&#232;s la cession de Seplat, Maurel &amp; Prom se retrouve en situation de tr&#233;sorerie nette abondante (plusieurs centaines de millions de dollars). La dette nette est n&#233;gative, offrant une flexibilit&#233; exceptionnelle pour financer de nouvelles acquisitions, acc&#233;l&#233;rer les d&#233;veloppements (Venezuela, Sinu-9) ou distribuer des dividendes sp&#233;ciaux si besoin. Un vrai atout dans un secteur expos&#233; aux chocs g&#233;opolitiques et aux fluctuations des prix.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>R&#233;mun&#233;ration des actionnaires</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gL-6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F549e81d7-8b67-4689-99e6-903cfbd29ea1_1517x705.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gL-6!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F549e81d7-8b67-4689-99e6-903cfbd29ea1_1517x705.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gL-6!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F549e81d7-8b67-4689-99e6-903cfbd29ea1_1517x705.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gL-6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F549e81d7-8b67-4689-99e6-903cfbd29ea1_1517x705.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gL-6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F549e81d7-8b67-4689-99e6-903cfbd29ea1_1517x705.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gL-6!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F549e81d7-8b67-4689-99e6-903cfbd29ea1_1517x705.png" width="1200" height="557.967032967033" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/549e81d7-8b67-4689-99e6-903cfbd29ea1_1517x705.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:677,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:123222,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/197182067?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F549e81d7-8b67-4689-99e6-903cfbd29ea1_1517x705.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gL-6!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F549e81d7-8b67-4689-99e6-903cfbd29ea1_1517x705.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gL-6!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F549e81d7-8b67-4689-99e6-903cfbd29ea1_1517x705.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gL-6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F549e81d7-8b67-4689-99e6-903cfbd29ea1_1517x705.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gL-6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F549e81d7-8b67-4689-99e6-903cfbd29ea1_1517x705.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Le dividende 2025 s&#8217;&#233;l&#232;ve &#224; environ 0,33 &#8364; par action, soit un rendement d&#8217;environ 3,5 % au cours actuel. Le payout reste raisonnable (autour de 50 % du FCF normalis&#233; sur 5 ans) et bien couvert gr&#226;ce &#224; la tr&#233;sorerie abondante. Le management privil&#233;gie le r&#233;investissement dans la croissance plut&#244;t que des rachats massifs d&#8217;actions (flottant limit&#233; et contr&#244;le majoritaire). On est pass&#233; d&#8217;un profil &#171; dividende &#233;lev&#233; &#187; &#224; un profil &#171; croissance cyclique &#187; avec un rendement total actionnaire correct. La dilution via plans d&#8217;actions salari&#233;s reste mod&#233;r&#233;e.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Valorisation</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zcMi!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17ba4313-ed79-4cfc-a0dd-0b47a1fac480_1517x705.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zcMi!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17ba4313-ed79-4cfc-a0dd-0b47a1fac480_1517x705.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zcMi!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17ba4313-ed79-4cfc-a0dd-0b47a1fac480_1517x705.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zcMi!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17ba4313-ed79-4cfc-a0dd-0b47a1fac480_1517x705.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zcMi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17ba4313-ed79-4cfc-a0dd-0b47a1fac480_1517x705.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zcMi!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17ba4313-ed79-4cfc-a0dd-0b47a1fac480_1517x705.png" width="1200" height="557.967032967033" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/17ba4313-ed79-4cfc-a0dd-0b47a1fac480_1517x705.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:677,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:86624,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/197182067?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17ba4313-ed79-4cfc-a0dd-0b47a1fac480_1517x705.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zcMi!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17ba4313-ed79-4cfc-a0dd-0b47a1fac480_1517x705.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zcMi!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17ba4313-ed79-4cfc-a0dd-0b47a1fac480_1517x705.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zcMi!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17ba4313-ed79-4cfc-a0dd-0b47a1fac480_1517x705.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!zcMi!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17ba4313-ed79-4cfc-a0dd-0b47a1fac480_1517x705.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Le multiple VE/EBITDA se situe autour de 5x apr&#232;s la correction r&#233;cente. C&#8217;est sup&#233;rieur &#224; la m&#233;diane historique (environ 3,6x sur 10 ans) mais reste raisonnable pour une junior de croissance avec un bilan net cash et un fort potentiel op&#233;rationnel. Le titre n&#8217;est pas encore tr&#232;s cher, mais la valorisation n&#8217;appara&#238;t pas excessive au regard des perspectives (Venezuela, Sinu-9, croissance organique). &#192; plus de 7x, il conviendrait probablement de s&#8217;all&#233;ger.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZKpI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4860243-3acb-4b6c-946d-ecb31f9f0231_1691x151.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZKpI!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4860243-3acb-4b6c-946d-ecb31f9f0231_1691x151.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZKpI!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4860243-3acb-4b6c-946d-ecb31f9f0231_1691x151.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZKpI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4860243-3acb-4b6c-946d-ecb31f9f0231_1691x151.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZKpI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4860243-3acb-4b6c-946d-ecb31f9f0231_1691x151.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZKpI!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4860243-3acb-4b6c-946d-ecb31f9f0231_1691x151.png" width="1200" height="107.14285714285714" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f4860243-3acb-4b6c-946d-ecb31f9f0231_1691x151.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:130,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:44643,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/197182067?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4860243-3acb-4b6c-946d-ecb31f9f0231_1691x151.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZKpI!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4860243-3acb-4b6c-946d-ecb31f9f0231_1691x151.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZKpI!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4860243-3acb-4b6c-946d-ecb31f9f0231_1691x151.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZKpI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4860243-3acb-4b6c-946d-ecb31f9f0231_1691x151.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!ZKpI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff4860243-3acb-4b6c-946d-ecb31f9f0231_1691x151.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>Maurel &amp; Prom reste un dossier de croissance cyclique tr&#232;s int&#233;ressant. L&#8217;entreprise combine croissance organique (3-5 %), acquisitions et d&#233;veloppements cr&#233;ateurs de valeur (Sinu-9, option Venezuela), un bilan en cash net, un ROE exceptionnel et un management efficace dans l&#8217;allocation du capital. Les risques sont bien pr&#233;sents : volatilit&#233; du Brent, g&#233;ographies risqu&#233;es (Afrique, Colombie, Venezuela) et cyclicit&#233; du secteur. La r&#233;cente correction offre un peu de marge de s&#233;curit&#233;, mais la visibilit&#233; sur le prix des hydrocarbures &#224; tr&#232;s court terme reste limit&#233;e.<br>Ce n&#8217;est pas le moment id&#233;al pour un renforcement massif, mais sur un horizon moyen/long terme, le dossier conserve du potentiel tant que le management continue &#224; bien d&#233;ployer la tr&#233;sorerie. Comme toujours, effectuez vos propres recherches et ne prenez pas cet article comme un conseil d&#8217;investissement !<br></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/maurel-et-prom-117?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Partager&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/maurel-et-prom-117?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Partager</span></a></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[FDJ United]]></title><description><![CDATA[FDJ United est ininvestissable : voil&#224; pourquoi ...]]></description><link>https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/fdj-united-168</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/fdj-united-168</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Raphaël Vignes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 18 May 2026 06:15:57 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CIBR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8e3d7b28-f600-4c2e-b2df-9009c26e4a5f_1280x720.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CIBR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8e3d7b28-f600-4c2e-b2df-9009c26e4a5f_1280x720.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CIBR!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8e3d7b28-f600-4c2e-b2df-9009c26e4a5f_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CIBR!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8e3d7b28-f600-4c2e-b2df-9009c26e4a5f_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CIBR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8e3d7b28-f600-4c2e-b2df-9009c26e4a5f_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CIBR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8e3d7b28-f600-4c2e-b2df-9009c26e4a5f_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CIBR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8e3d7b28-f600-4c2e-b2df-9009c26e4a5f_1280x720.jpeg" width="1280" height="720" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CIBR!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8e3d7b28-f600-4c2e-b2df-9009c26e4a5f_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CIBR!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8e3d7b28-f600-4c2e-b2df-9009c26e4a5f_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CIBR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8e3d7b28-f600-4c2e-b2df-9009c26e4a5f_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CIBR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8e3d7b28-f600-4c2e-b2df-9009c26e4a5f_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonnez-vous maintenant&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?"><span>Abonnez-vous maintenant</span></a></p><p></p><h4><strong>Le cours de l&#8217;action</strong></h4><p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gqbI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F80e423a7-56a1-49df-bb23-031050650beb_1511x672.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gqbI!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F80e423a7-56a1-49df-bb23-031050650beb_1511x672.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gqbI!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F80e423a7-56a1-49df-bb23-031050650beb_1511x672.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gqbI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F80e423a7-56a1-49df-bb23-031050650beb_1511x672.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gqbI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F80e423a7-56a1-49df-bb23-031050650beb_1511x672.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gqbI!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F80e423a7-56a1-49df-bb23-031050650beb_1511x672.png" width="1200" height="534.065934065934" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/80e423a7-56a1-49df-bb23-031050650beb_1511x672.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:648,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:101045,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/197083725?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F80e423a7-56a1-49df-bb23-031050650beb_1511x672.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gqbI!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F80e423a7-56a1-49df-bb23-031050650beb_1511x672.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gqbI!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F80e423a7-56a1-49df-bb23-031050650beb_1511x672.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gqbI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F80e423a7-56a1-49df-bb23-031050650beb_1511x672.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!gqbI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F80e423a7-56a1-49df-bb23-031050650beb_1511x672.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>En mai 2026, FDJ United (ex-FDJ) affiche une capitalisation boursi&#232;re d&#8217;environ 4 milliards &#8364;. Le cours de l&#8217;action oscille autour de 22 &#8364;. Depuis l&#8217;introduction en bourse en 2019 &#224; 19,5 &#8364;, la performance hors dividendes est tout simplement nulle : le titre est plat sur sept ans. Seuls les dividendes ont port&#233; le rendement. Un investissement initial de 10 000 &#8364; se serait transform&#233; en environ 13 600 &#8364; avec r&#233;investissement des dividendes. C&#8217;est maigre pour un horizon aussi long.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Croissance</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KOg3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fdea23c-ce63-4637-8a4e-d94f15110206_1513x739.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KOg3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fdea23c-ce63-4637-8a4e-d94f15110206_1513x739.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KOg3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fdea23c-ce63-4637-8a4e-d94f15110206_1513x739.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KOg3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fdea23c-ce63-4637-8a4e-d94f15110206_1513x739.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KOg3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fdea23c-ce63-4637-8a4e-d94f15110206_1513x739.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KOg3!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fdea23c-ce63-4637-8a4e-d94f15110206_1513x739.png" width="1200" height="585.989010989011" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0fdea23c-ce63-4637-8a4e-d94f15110206_1513x739.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:711,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:51817,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/190948512?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fdea23c-ce63-4637-8a4e-d94f15110206_1513x739.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KOg3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fdea23c-ce63-4637-8a4e-d94f15110206_1513x739.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KOg3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fdea23c-ce63-4637-8a4e-d94f15110206_1513x739.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KOg3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fdea23c-ce63-4637-8a4e-d94f15110206_1513x739.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!KOg3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0fdea23c-ce63-4637-8a4e-d94f15110206_1513x739.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>La croissance publi&#233;e est largement artificielle, gonfl&#233;e par l&#8217;acquisition de Kindred fin 2024. En organique, elle est faible, voire an&#233;mique (autour de 3-5 % en m&#233;diane historique). Le chiffre d&#8217;affaires 2025 a recul&#233; en donn&#233;es retrait&#233;es, p&#233;nalis&#233; par les hausses r&#233;p&#233;t&#233;es de fiscalit&#233; en France (d&#232;s mi-2025), aux Pays-Bas, en Roumanie et ailleurs. Le produit brut des jeux (GGR) progresse &#224; peine. Pour 2026 et au-del&#224;, les perspectives restent tr&#232;s limit&#233;es. Le march&#233; des jeux d&#8217;argent est mature dans les pays d&#233;velopp&#233;s o&#249; op&#232;re le groupe. Les barri&#232;res r&#233;glementaires et la pr&#233;f&#233;rence des &#201;tats pour taxer ou contr&#244;ler ces activit&#233;s freinent toute expansion significative. La croissance restera donc principalement externe&#8230; tant qu&#8217;il y aura des cibles &#224; acheter.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Taux de marges</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lhah!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e3cd9f4-2634-479e-b7e6-27e8e6ed66a7_1513x739.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lhah!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e3cd9f4-2634-479e-b7e6-27e8e6ed66a7_1513x739.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lhah!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e3cd9f4-2634-479e-b7e6-27e8e6ed66a7_1513x739.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lhah!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e3cd9f4-2634-479e-b7e6-27e8e6ed66a7_1513x739.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lhah!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e3cd9f4-2634-479e-b7e6-27e8e6ed66a7_1513x739.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lhah!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e3cd9f4-2634-479e-b7e6-27e8e6ed66a7_1513x739.png" width="1200" height="585.989010989011" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6e3cd9f4-2634-479e-b7e6-27e8e6ed66a7_1513x739.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:711,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:119479,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/190948512?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e3cd9f4-2634-479e-b7e6-27e8e6ed66a7_1513x739.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lhah!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e3cd9f4-2634-479e-b7e6-27e8e6ed66a7_1513x739.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lhah!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e3cd9f4-2634-479e-b7e6-27e8e6ed66a7_1513x739.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lhah!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e3cd9f4-2634-479e-b7e6-27e8e6ed66a7_1513x739.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lhah!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e3cd9f4-2634-479e-b7e6-27e8e6ed66a7_1513x739.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Taux de marge brute : solide &#224; 42 %, gr&#226;ce au monopole sur les loteries en France et &#224; un certain pricing power (born&#233; par l&#8217;&#201;tat toutefois). </p><p>Taux de marge d&#8217;EBITDA r&#233;current : &#233;lev&#233;, au plus haut historique autour de 24,5-26 % gr&#226;ce &#224; l&#8217;exp&#233;rience op&#233;rationnelle accumul&#233;e. C&#8217;est le point positif du mod&#232;le. </p><p>Taux de marge nette : massacr&#233;, autour de 5 % seulement, victime des hausses de taxes, des &#233;l&#233;ments non r&#233;currents li&#233;s &#224; Kindred et des d&#233;pr&#233;ciations. </p><p>Taux de marge de Free cash flow : reste correct, autour de 15 % du chiffre d&#8217;affaires. Le groupe reste une machine &#224; cash&#8230; pour l&#8217;instant.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Qualit&#233; des b&#233;n&#233;fices nets</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tKEV!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96a9e627-328b-4e89-ad56-409c2ac3cb92_1513x739.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tKEV!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96a9e627-328b-4e89-ad56-409c2ac3cb92_1513x739.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tKEV!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96a9e627-328b-4e89-ad56-409c2ac3cb92_1513x739.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tKEV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96a9e627-328b-4e89-ad56-409c2ac3cb92_1513x739.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tKEV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96a9e627-328b-4e89-ad56-409c2ac3cb92_1513x739.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tKEV!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96a9e627-328b-4e89-ad56-409c2ac3cb92_1513x739.png" width="1200" height="585.989010989011" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/96a9e627-328b-4e89-ad56-409c2ac3cb92_1513x739.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:711,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:123433,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/190948512?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96a9e627-328b-4e89-ad56-409c2ac3cb92_1513x739.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tKEV!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96a9e627-328b-4e89-ad56-409c2ac3cb92_1513x739.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tKEV!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96a9e627-328b-4e89-ad56-409c2ac3cb92_1513x739.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tKEV!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96a9e627-328b-4e89-ad56-409c2ac3cb92_1513x739.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tKEV!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F96a9e627-328b-4e89-ad56-409c2ac3cb92_1513x739.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Les free cash flows d&#233;passent nettement les b&#233;n&#233;fices nets comptables. Le besoin en fonds de roulement structurellement n&#233;gatif (clients paient cash, fournisseurs plus tard) et les amortissements non-cash expliquent cet &#233;cart. Cependant, les CAPEX sont &#233;tonnamment &#233;lev&#233;s pour un mod&#232;le th&#233;oriquement asset-light, ce qui interroge sur la r&#233;elle l&#233;g&#232;ret&#233; des actifs. Globalement, la conversion en cash est bonne, mais la valorisation doit se faire prioritairement sur le free cash flow plut&#244;t que sur un r&#233;sultat net tr&#232;s pollu&#233; par la fiscalit&#233; et les non-cash items.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Rentabilit&#233;</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wCzz!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9785fd66-829f-4ab4-ada4-b548866ab26b_1513x739.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wCzz!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9785fd66-829f-4ab4-ada4-b548866ab26b_1513x739.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wCzz!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9785fd66-829f-4ab4-ada4-b548866ab26b_1513x739.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wCzz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9785fd66-829f-4ab4-ada4-b548866ab26b_1513x739.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wCzz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9785fd66-829f-4ab4-ada4-b548866ab26b_1513x739.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wCzz!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9785fd66-829f-4ab4-ada4-b548866ab26b_1513x739.png" width="1200" height="585.989010989011" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9785fd66-829f-4ab4-ada4-b548866ab26b_1513x739.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:711,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:78252,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/190948512?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9785fd66-829f-4ab4-ada4-b548866ab26b_1513x739.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wCzz!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9785fd66-829f-4ab4-ada4-b548866ab26b_1513x739.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wCzz!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9785fd66-829f-4ab4-ada4-b548866ab26b_1513x739.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wCzz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9785fd66-829f-4ab4-ada4-b548866ab26b_1513x739.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wCzz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9785fd66-829f-4ab4-ada4-b548866ab26b_1513x739.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Le ROIC (Return on Invested Capital) m&#233;dian historique est excellent (autour de 22 %), mais il est retomb&#233; &#224; 13,4 % apr&#232;s l&#8217;acquisition de Kindred, qui a dilu&#233; la marge op&#233;rationnelle. Il reste toutefois sup&#233;rieur au co&#251;t moyen pond&#233;r&#233; du capital (estim&#233; &#224; 7-8 %). L&#8217;entreprise cr&#233;e encore de la valeur, mais une partie croissante est captur&#233;e par l&#8217;&#201;tat via les taxes.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Dette</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OVae!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd988ca4-8ad5-4d98-9519-fd410a016d03_1513x739.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OVae!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd988ca4-8ad5-4d98-9519-fd410a016d03_1513x739.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OVae!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd988ca4-8ad5-4d98-9519-fd410a016d03_1513x739.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OVae!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd988ca4-8ad5-4d98-9519-fd410a016d03_1513x739.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OVae!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd988ca4-8ad5-4d98-9519-fd410a016d03_1513x739.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OVae!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd988ca4-8ad5-4d98-9519-fd410a016d03_1513x739.png" width="1200" height="585.989010989011" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/dd988ca4-8ad5-4d98-9519-fd410a016d03_1513x739.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:711,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:99547,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/190948512?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd988ca4-8ad5-4d98-9519-fd410a016d03_1513x739.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OVae!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd988ca4-8ad5-4d98-9519-fd410a016d03_1513x739.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OVae!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd988ca4-8ad5-4d98-9519-fd410a016d03_1513x739.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OVae!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd988ca4-8ad5-4d98-9519-fd410a016d03_1513x739.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OVae!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fdd988ca4-8ad5-4d98-9519-fd410a016d03_1513x739.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>La dette nette est d&#8217;environ 1,6 milliard &#8364;, soit un levier autour de 1,8x l&#8217;EBITDA r&#233;current. Le niveau reste ma&#238;tris&#233; apr&#232;s l&#8217;acquisition de Kindred. Le bilan est solide et le cash-flow &#233;lev&#233; permet un d&#233;sendettement progressif. Pas de risque majeur &#224; ce niveau.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Retour aux actionnaires</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j5nr!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7ae41cc-b5f7-4135-8350-72a9703c3cf7_1511x672.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j5nr!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7ae41cc-b5f7-4135-8350-72a9703c3cf7_1511x672.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j5nr!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7ae41cc-b5f7-4135-8350-72a9703c3cf7_1511x672.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j5nr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7ae41cc-b5f7-4135-8350-72a9703c3cf7_1511x672.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j5nr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7ae41cc-b5f7-4135-8350-72a9703c3cf7_1511x672.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j5nr!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7ae41cc-b5f7-4135-8350-72a9703c3cf7_1511x672.png" width="1200" height="534.065934065934" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c7ae41cc-b5f7-4135-8350-72a9703c3cf7_1511x672.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:648,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:98411,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/197083725?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7ae41cc-b5f7-4135-8350-72a9703c3cf7_1511x672.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j5nr!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7ae41cc-b5f7-4135-8350-72a9703c3cf7_1511x672.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j5nr!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7ae41cc-b5f7-4135-8350-72a9703c3cf7_1511x672.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j5nr!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7ae41cc-b5f7-4135-8350-72a9703c3cf7_1511x672.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!j5nr!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc7ae41cc-b5f7-4135-8350-72a9703c3cf7_1511x672.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Dividendes : politique tr&#232;s g&#233;n&#233;reuse avec un rendement actuel autour de 9 %. Le dividende propos&#233; au titre de 2025 est bien couvert par le free cash flow (379 M&#8364; de dividendes vs FCF nettement sup&#233;rieur). L&#8217;&#201;tat (environ 20 % du capital) adore les dividendes &#233;lev&#233;s. </p><p>Rachats d&#8217;actions : occasionnels, principalement pour couvrir les plans d&#8217;actionnariat salari&#233;. Pas de programme structurel et massif.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Valorisation</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RImb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78278184-6ea2-4353-a59c-77501a2e4090_1511x672.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RImb!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78278184-6ea2-4353-a59c-77501a2e4090_1511x672.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RImb!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78278184-6ea2-4353-a59c-77501a2e4090_1511x672.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RImb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78278184-6ea2-4353-a59c-77501a2e4090_1511x672.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RImb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78278184-6ea2-4353-a59c-77501a2e4090_1511x672.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RImb!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78278184-6ea2-4353-a59c-77501a2e4090_1511x672.png" width="1200" height="534.065934065934" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/78278184-6ea2-4353-a59c-77501a2e4090_1511x672.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:648,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:86243,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/197083725?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78278184-6ea2-4353-a59c-77501a2e4090_1511x672.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RImb!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78278184-6ea2-4353-a59c-77501a2e4090_1511x672.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RImb!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78278184-6ea2-4353-a59c-77501a2e4090_1511x672.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RImb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78278184-6ea2-4353-a59c-77501a2e4090_1511x672.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!RImb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F78278184-6ea2-4353-a59c-77501a2e4090_1511x672.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#192; environ 6 fois la VE/EBITDA LTM, FDJ United se traite &#224; son plus bas historique depuis l&#8217;introduction (m&#233;diane historique ~12x). C&#8217;est une d&#233;cote spectaculaire de pr&#232;s de 50 %. </p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dgAT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e0839ed-5ef8-4e4b-b32d-a5ecd71de586_1658x282.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dgAT!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e0839ed-5ef8-4e4b-b32d-a5ecd71de586_1658x282.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dgAT!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e0839ed-5ef8-4e4b-b32d-a5ecd71de586_1658x282.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dgAT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e0839ed-5ef8-4e4b-b32d-a5ecd71de586_1658x282.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dgAT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e0839ed-5ef8-4e4b-b32d-a5ecd71de586_1658x282.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dgAT!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e0839ed-5ef8-4e4b-b32d-a5ecd71de586_1658x282.png" width="1200" height="204.3956043956044" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2e0839ed-5ef8-4e4b-b32d-a5ecd71de586_1658x282.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:248,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:64851,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/197083725?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e0839ed-5ef8-4e4b-b32d-a5ecd71de586_1658x282.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dgAT!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e0839ed-5ef8-4e4b-b32d-a5ecd71de586_1658x282.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dgAT!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e0839ed-5ef8-4e4b-b32d-a5ecd71de586_1658x282.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dgAT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e0839ed-5ef8-4e4b-b32d-a5ecd71de586_1658x282.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dgAT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2e0839ed-5ef8-4e4b-b32d-a5ecd71de586_1658x282.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Parmi les comparables : OPAP (Gr&#232;ce) autour de 9x, les purs players online comme Flutter &#224; 14x ou plus. Les multiples tr&#232;s bas du secteur refl&#232;tent un environnement fiscal et r&#233;glementaire devenu extr&#234;mement agressif partout en Europe.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>FDJ United reste un leader europ&#233;en avec un monopole d&#233;fensif sur les loteries en France, des positions fortes ailleurs et une pr&#233;sence online via Kindred (Unibet, etc.). Les atouts op&#233;rationnels sont r&#233;els : marges EBITDA r&#233;silientes, g&#233;n&#233;ration de free cash flow solide, dette ma&#238;tris&#233;e et un dividende tr&#232;s attractif.</p><p>Pourtant, le dossier est devenu tr&#232;s &#233;pineux. Les pressions fiscales et r&#233;glementaires sont structurelles et ne vont pas s&#8217;arr&#234;ter : &#201;tats surendett&#233;s qui voient dans les jeux d&#8217;argent une vache &#224; lait facile. La croissance organique est faible, l&#8217;int&#233;gration Kindred dilutive &#224; court terme, et l&#8217;&#201;tat actionnaire priorise souvent taxes et dividendes plut&#244;t que la cr&#233;ation de valeur long terme pour les actionnaires priv&#233;s.</p><p>&#192; 6X EV/EBITDA, le titre est quantitativement bon march&#233; et attire les value investors. Mais il pr&#233;sente tous les traits d&#8217;un value trap : d&#233;cote justifi&#233;e par des risques persistants et une visibilit&#233; d&#233;grad&#233;e. Pour beaucoup d&#8217;investisseurs, et notamment pour un profil prudent ou growth, FDJ United est aujourd&#8217;hui ininvestissable. </p><p>Le dividende est beau, mais le capital stagne et les risques r&#233;glementaires/fiscaux rongent progressivement le mod&#232;le. Ceci n&#8217;est pas un conseil en investissement.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/fdj-united-168?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Partager&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/fdj-united-168?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Partager</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Sanofi]]></title><description><![CDATA[Valorisation au plus bas, opportunit&#233; ?]]></description><link>https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/sanofi-580</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/sanofi-580</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Raphaël Vignes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 17 May 2026 06:15:15 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YOXb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ba45253-a189-4b75-8837-31f4e6bdd4a8_1280x720.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YOXb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ba45253-a189-4b75-8837-31f4e6bdd4a8_1280x720.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YOXb!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ba45253-a189-4b75-8837-31f4e6bdd4a8_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YOXb!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ba45253-a189-4b75-8837-31f4e6bdd4a8_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YOXb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ba45253-a189-4b75-8837-31f4e6bdd4a8_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YOXb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ba45253-a189-4b75-8837-31f4e6bdd4a8_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YOXb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ba45253-a189-4b75-8837-31f4e6bdd4a8_1280x720.jpeg" width="1280" height="720" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9ba45253-a189-4b75-8837-31f4e6bdd4a8_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:720,&quot;width&quot;:1280,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:122610,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/196987288?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ba45253-a189-4b75-8837-31f4e6bdd4a8_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YOXb!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ba45253-a189-4b75-8837-31f4e6bdd4a8_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YOXb!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ba45253-a189-4b75-8837-31f4e6bdd4a8_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YOXb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ba45253-a189-4b75-8837-31f4e6bdd4a8_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!YOXb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9ba45253-a189-4b75-8837-31f4e6bdd4a8_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonnez-vous maintenant&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?"><span>Abonnez-vous maintenant</span></a></p><h4><strong>Le cours de l&#8217;action</strong></h4><p>Le cours de l&#8217;action Sanofi, premier laboratoire pharmaceutique fran&#231;ais et acteur majeur mondial dans les m&#233;dicaments (immunologie, diab&#232;te, oncologie), les vaccins et la sant&#233; grand public, &#233;volue pr&#232;s de ses plus bas depuis 2020 d&#233;but mai 2026, avec une capitalisation boursi&#232;re d&#8217;environ 88 Md&#8364; (autour de 723&#8364; par action). Apr&#232;s une performance quasi plate sur 10 ans (un investissement de 10 000 &#8364; avec dividendes r&#233;investis aurait donn&#233; environ 16 000 &#8364;), le titre souffre d&#8217;un manque de relais de croissance post-Dupixent et d&#8217;une valorisation d&#233;prim&#233;e. Dans un secteur pharma confront&#233; aux expirations de brevets, aux risques pipeline et aux litiges, la question d&#8217;une opportunit&#233; &#171; value + haut rendement &#187; se pose avec l&#8217;arriv&#233;e d&#8217;une nouvelle DG (Bel&#233;n Garijo). Analysons les fondamentaux actualis&#233;s d&#233;but 2026.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hNLw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffa808108-0259-42f9-8fa9-716efba90b55_1512x672.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hNLw!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffa808108-0259-42f9-8fa9-716efba90b55_1512x672.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hNLw!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffa808108-0259-42f9-8fa9-716efba90b55_1512x672.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hNLw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffa808108-0259-42f9-8fa9-716efba90b55_1512x672.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hNLw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffa808108-0259-42f9-8fa9-716efba90b55_1512x672.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hNLw!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffa808108-0259-42f9-8fa9-716efba90b55_1512x672.png" width="1200" height="533.2417582417582" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/fa808108-0259-42f9-8fa9-716efba90b55_1512x672.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:647,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:164605,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/196987288?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffa808108-0259-42f9-8fa9-716efba90b55_1512x672.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hNLw!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffa808108-0259-42f9-8fa9-716efba90b55_1512x672.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hNLw!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffa808108-0259-42f9-8fa9-716efba90b55_1512x672.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hNLw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffa808108-0259-42f9-8fa9-716efba90b55_1512x672.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hNLw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffa808108-0259-42f9-8fa9-716efba90b55_1512x672.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Croissance</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eAfj!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbcad0154-5be0-42d1-a23e-18e0ca526a81_1521x672.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eAfj!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbcad0154-5be0-42d1-a23e-18e0ca526a81_1521x672.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eAfj!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbcad0154-5be0-42d1-a23e-18e0ca526a81_1521x672.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eAfj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbcad0154-5be0-42d1-a23e-18e0ca526a81_1521x672.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eAfj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbcad0154-5be0-42d1-a23e-18e0ca526a81_1521x672.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eAfj!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbcad0154-5be0-42d1-a23e-18e0ca526a81_1521x672.png" width="1200" height="529.945054945055" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bcad0154-5be0-42d1-a23e-18e0ca526a81_1521x672.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:643,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:65203,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/196987288?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbcad0154-5be0-42d1-a23e-18e0ca526a81_1521x672.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eAfj!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbcad0154-5be0-42d1-a23e-18e0ca526a81_1521x672.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eAfj!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbcad0154-5be0-42d1-a23e-18e0ca526a81_1521x672.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eAfj!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbcad0154-5be0-42d1-a23e-18e0ca526a81_1521x672.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!eAfj!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fbcad0154-5be0-42d1-a23e-18e0ca526a81_1521x672.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p>Sanofi affiche une croissance organique structurellement faible, m&#233;diane autour de 2,8 % par an sur 10 ans, typique d&#8217;une big pharma mature. Sur les 12 derniers mois glissants (d&#233;but 2026), la croissance du chiffre d&#8217;affaires atteint environ 5 %, principalement via des acquisitions et croissance externe (organique proche de 0 %). En 2025, les ventes ont progress&#233; de +9,9 % &#224; taux de change constants (&#224; 43,6 Md&#8364;), port&#233;es par Dupixent et de nouveaux lancements. En Q1 2026, croissance &#224; +13,6 % &#224; CER. Les relais hors Dupixent progressent via acquisitions (vaccins, etc.), mais le groupe reste d&#233;pendant de son blockbuster. Globalement, il ne faut pas attendre une forte croissance organique, mais plut&#244;t une bonne tenue gr&#226;ce aux lancements et &#224; la nouvelle strat&#233;gie de la DG.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Taux de marge</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K7uk!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe195e705-c49d-4394-88ef-08f332c8f288_1521x672.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K7uk!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe195e705-c49d-4394-88ef-08f332c8f288_1521x672.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K7uk!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe195e705-c49d-4394-88ef-08f332c8f288_1521x672.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K7uk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe195e705-c49d-4394-88ef-08f332c8f288_1521x672.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K7uk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe195e705-c49d-4394-88ef-08f332c8f288_1521x672.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K7uk!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe195e705-c49d-4394-88ef-08f332c8f288_1521x672.png" width="1200" height="529.945054945055" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e195e705-c49d-4394-88ef-08f332c8f288_1521x672.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:643,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:119497,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/196987288?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe195e705-c49d-4394-88ef-08f332c8f288_1521x672.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K7uk!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe195e705-c49d-4394-88ef-08f332c8f288_1521x672.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K7uk!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe195e705-c49d-4394-88ef-08f332c8f288_1521x672.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K7uk!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe195e705-c49d-4394-88ef-08f332c8f288_1521x672.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K7uk!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe195e705-c49d-4394-88ef-08f332c8f288_1521x672.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Les marges restent dignes d&#8217;une grande pharma, soutenues par les brevets et le mix produits haut de gamme.</p><ul><li><p>Marge brute : &#233;lev&#233;e, autour de 72 % (en expansion r&#233;cente gr&#226;ce au mix).</p></li><li><p>Marge d&#8217;EBITDA : solide mais en l&#233;g&#232;re baisse tendancielle sur 10 ans, impact&#233;e par l&#8217;inflation et les investissements R&amp;D.</p></li><li><p>Marge nette  : environ 16 %.</p></li><li><p>Marge de free cash flow : structurellement sup&#233;rieure, autour de 18 % du CA.</p></li></ul><p>Cette stabilit&#233; refl&#232;te un fort avantage concurrentiel (brevets), un pricing power sur les produits phares et une ma&#238;trise op&#233;rationnelle.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Qualit&#233; des b&#233;n&#233;fices nets</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MD0h!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2869ece8-975c-41cc-ad9a-c63fb6f8ed72_1521x672.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MD0h!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2869ece8-975c-41cc-ad9a-c63fb6f8ed72_1521x672.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MD0h!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2869ece8-975c-41cc-ad9a-c63fb6f8ed72_1521x672.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MD0h!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2869ece8-975c-41cc-ad9a-c63fb6f8ed72_1521x672.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MD0h!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2869ece8-975c-41cc-ad9a-c63fb6f8ed72_1521x672.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MD0h!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2869ece8-975c-41cc-ad9a-c63fb6f8ed72_1521x672.png" width="1200" height="529.945054945055" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2869ece8-975c-41cc-ad9a-c63fb6f8ed72_1521x672.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:643,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:123175,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/196987288?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2869ece8-975c-41cc-ad9a-c63fb6f8ed72_1521x672.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MD0h!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2869ece8-975c-41cc-ad9a-c63fb6f8ed72_1521x672.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MD0h!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2869ece8-975c-41cc-ad9a-c63fb6f8ed72_1521x672.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MD0h!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2869ece8-975c-41cc-ad9a-c63fb6f8ed72_1521x672.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!MD0h!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2869ece8-975c-41cc-ad9a-c63fb6f8ed72_1521x672.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>La conversion des r&#233;sultats nets en free cash flow est globalement bonne pour une pharma mature : FCF souvent sup&#233;rieur au net profit (18 % vs 16 % de marge). En 2025, FCF cumul&#233; &#224; 8,1 Md&#8364; (+35,8 %). Le BFR est quasi nul ou n&#233;gligeable, avec des variations (fortes positives/n&#233;gatives sur 10 ans li&#233;es &#224; des ph&#233;nom&#232;nes ponctuels, mais globalement bien g&#233;r&#233;). Les capex sont sup&#233;rieurs aux amortissements (investissement dans l&#8217;appareil productif. Des &#233;l&#233;ments exceptionnels (ventes d&#8217;activit&#233;s, litiges/provisions) ont parfois biais&#233; les chiffres (r&#233;sultat net gonfl&#233; ponctuellement). Post-2020, la g&#233;n&#233;ration de cash reste fiable et de qualit&#233;, malgr&#233; quelques sorties cash li&#233;es &#224; des litiges.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Rentabilit&#233;</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pyx6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2ef25f2-20c7-412f-8ced-134d7c307302_1521x672.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pyx6!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2ef25f2-20c7-412f-8ced-134d7c307302_1521x672.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pyx6!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2ef25f2-20c7-412f-8ced-134d7c307302_1521x672.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pyx6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2ef25f2-20c7-412f-8ced-134d7c307302_1521x672.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pyx6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2ef25f2-20c7-412f-8ced-134d7c307302_1521x672.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pyx6!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2ef25f2-20c7-412f-8ced-134d7c307302_1521x672.png" width="1200" height="529.945054945055" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c2ef25f2-20c7-412f-8ced-134d7c307302_1521x672.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:643,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:69562,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/196987288?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2ef25f2-20c7-412f-8ced-134d7c307302_1521x672.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pyx6!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2ef25f2-20c7-412f-8ced-134d7c307302_1521x672.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pyx6!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2ef25f2-20c7-412f-8ced-134d7c307302_1521x672.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pyx6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2ef25f2-20c7-412f-8ced-134d7c307302_1521x672.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Pyx6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc2ef25f2-20c7-412f-8ced-134d7c307302_1521x672.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Le ROIC (Return On Invested Capital) m&#233;diane sur 10 ans autour de 9 %, avec un pic r&#233;cent 9,4 %. Le WACC est estim&#233; autour de 8 %, offrant un spread positif modeste et une cr&#233;ation de valeur l&#233;g&#232;re pour les actionnaires. Le secteur est intensif en capital et les r&#233;sultats nets sont parfois impact&#233;s par du non-r&#233;current. Le ROE est plus m&#233;diocre en apparence. Globalement, une rentabilit&#233; op&#233;rationnelle convenable pour une big pharma, qui se traduit par une g&#233;n&#233;ration de cash solide plut&#244;t que par une croissance explosive du cours.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Dette</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L43_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09f4e6f1-3aa0-4c77-a278-89bcc86a1a59_1521x672.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L43_!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09f4e6f1-3aa0-4c77-a278-89bcc86a1a59_1521x672.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L43_!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09f4e6f1-3aa0-4c77-a278-89bcc86a1a59_1521x672.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L43_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09f4e6f1-3aa0-4c77-a278-89bcc86a1a59_1521x672.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L43_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09f4e6f1-3aa0-4c77-a278-89bcc86a1a59_1521x672.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L43_!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09f4e6f1-3aa0-4c77-a278-89bcc86a1a59_1521x672.png" width="1200" height="529.945054945055" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/09f4e6f1-3aa0-4c77-a278-89bcc86a1a59_1521x672.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:643,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:114502,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/196987288?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09f4e6f1-3aa0-4c77-a278-89bcc86a1a59_1521x672.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L43_!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09f4e6f1-3aa0-4c77-a278-89bcc86a1a59_1521x672.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L43_!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09f4e6f1-3aa0-4c77-a278-89bcc86a1a59_1521x672.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L43_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09f4e6f1-3aa0-4c77-a278-89bcc86a1a59_1521x672.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!L43_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F09f4e6f1-3aa0-4c77-a278-89bcc86a1a59_1521x672.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Dette nette ma&#238;tris&#233;e (autour de 14,5 Md&#8364;, &#233;quivalente &#224; environ 1x l&#8217;EBITDA ou 2x le FCF. Le bilan est s&#233;curis&#233;, avec une note de cr&#233;dit &#233;lev&#233;e (AA). Aucune inqui&#233;tude majeure, m&#234;me en cas de ralentissement ou d&#8217;investissements R&amp;D/M&amp;A. Position financi&#232;re tr&#232;s solide.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>R&#233;mun&#233;ration des actionnaires</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!__pb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73e6089d-fede-4313-ab54-98c05c40e6e3_1521x672.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!__pb!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73e6089d-fede-4313-ab54-98c05c40e6e3_1521x672.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!__pb!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73e6089d-fede-4313-ab54-98c05c40e6e3_1521x672.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!__pb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73e6089d-fede-4313-ab54-98c05c40e6e3_1521x672.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!__pb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73e6089d-fede-4313-ab54-98c05c40e6e3_1521x672.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!__pb!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73e6089d-fede-4313-ab54-98c05c40e6e3_1521x672.png" width="1200" height="529.945054945055" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/73e6089d-fede-4313-ab54-98c05c40e6e3_1521x672.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:643,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:108925,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/196987288?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73e6089d-fede-4313-ab54-98c05c40e6e3_1521x672.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!__pb!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73e6089d-fede-4313-ab54-98c05c40e6e3_1521x672.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!__pb!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73e6089d-fede-4313-ab54-98c05c40e6e3_1521x672.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!__pb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73e6089d-fede-4313-ab54-98c05c40e6e3_1521x672.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!__pb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F73e6089d-fede-4313-ab54-98c05c40e6e3_1521x672.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Sanofi offre un dividende attractif en augmentation r&#233;guli&#232;re (environ 4,8 Md&#8364;, rendement autour de 5 % d&#233;but 2026). Payout &gt;50 % du FCF (s&#233;curis&#233;). Des rachats d&#8217;actions significatifs ont &#233;t&#233; r&#233;alis&#233;s (notamment pour neutraliser la dilution des plans d&#8217;actionnariat salari&#233; et un gros programme r&#233;cent), portant le rendement actionnarial total proche de 11 % par p&#233;riodes. Politique claire de retour de cash, avec un nouveau buyback pr&#233;vu en 2026 et une hausse du dividende. Priorit&#233; au shareholder return dans un contexte de croissance mod&#233;r&#233;e.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Valorisation</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R9wY!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F625df815-90e8-4b22-9893-0d3f6f022bab_1521x672.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R9wY!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F625df815-90e8-4b22-9893-0d3f6f022bab_1521x672.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R9wY!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F625df815-90e8-4b22-9893-0d3f6f022bab_1521x672.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R9wY!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F625df815-90e8-4b22-9893-0d3f6f022bab_1521x672.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R9wY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F625df815-90e8-4b22-9893-0d3f6f022bab_1521x672.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R9wY!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F625df815-90e8-4b22-9893-0d3f6f022bab_1521x672.png" width="1200" height="529.945054945055" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/625df815-90e8-4b22-9893-0d3f6f022bab_1521x672.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:643,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:120729,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/196987288?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F625df815-90e8-4b22-9893-0d3f6f022bab_1521x672.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R9wY!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F625df815-90e8-4b22-9893-0d3f6f022bab_1521x672.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R9wY!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F625df815-90e8-4b22-9893-0d3f6f022bab_1521x672.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R9wY!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F625df815-90e8-4b22-9893-0d3f6f022bab_1521x672.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R9wY!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F625df815-90e8-4b22-9893-0d3f6f022bab_1521x672.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Le multiple EV/EBITDA se situe autour de 8x (d&#233;cote par rapport &#224; la m&#233;diane 10 ans ~10x et historique plus longue). Le titre est &#224; des niveaux bas (plus bas depuis 2020/2013 sur certaines m&#233;triques). Par rapport aux pairs (GSK, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, etc.), Sanofi n&#8217;appara&#238;t pas survaloris&#233;, avec une rentabilit&#233; comparable et une d&#233;cote attractive. Peu de prime excessive malgr&#233; la qualit&#233; du bilan et du cash-flow. Potentiel haussier via une r&#233;&#233;valuation du multiple (turnaround) et le rendement cash, mais d&#233;pendant du succ&#232;s de la nouvelle DG pour trouver de nouveaux relais.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!86xJ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F060479ee-509a-43de-a70b-de239865ef12_1654x136.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!86xJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F060479ee-509a-43de-a70b-de239865ef12_1654x136.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!86xJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F060479ee-509a-43de-a70b-de239865ef12_1654x136.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!86xJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F060479ee-509a-43de-a70b-de239865ef12_1654x136.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!86xJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F060479ee-509a-43de-a70b-de239865ef12_1654x136.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!86xJ!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F060479ee-509a-43de-a70b-de239865ef12_1654x136.png" width="1200" height="98.9010989010989" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/060479ee-509a-43de-a70b-de239865ef12_1654x136.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:120,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:30479,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/196757194?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F060479ee-509a-43de-a70b-de239865ef12_1654x136.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!86xJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F060479ee-509a-43de-a70b-de239865ef12_1654x136.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!86xJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F060479ee-509a-43de-a70b-de239865ef12_1654x136.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!86xJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F060479ee-509a-43de-a70b-de239865ef12_1654x136.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!86xJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F060479ee-509a-43de-a70b-de239865ef12_1654x136.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>Sanofi n&#8217;offre plus une croissance explosive mais pr&#233;sente une belle histoire de stabilit&#233; avec des fondamentaux solides : marges &#233;lev&#233;es, cash-flow fiable, bilan impeccable, ROIC l&#233;g&#232;rement sup&#233;rieur au WACC et retour massif aux actionnaires via dividende + buybacks. La croissance reste faible et d&#233;pendante de Dupixent/acquisitions, mais la qualit&#233; op&#233;rationnelle et l&#8217;arriv&#233;e d&#8217;une nouvelle DG (feuille de route ambitieuse) ouvrent un profil de &#171; value + rendement &#187; avec d&#233;cote. Le momentum est positif sur les r&#233;sultats r&#233;cents (Q1 2026 solide), port&#233; par Dupixent et lancements. Si vous d&#233;tenez le titre, une conservation avec focus sur le rendement et un potentiel de re-rating se justifie. Si vous n&#8217;en avez pas, le niveau actuel offre une entr&#233;e int&#233;ressante pour un investisseur orient&#233; value/rendement, tol&#233;rant aux risques pharma (pipeline, brevets, litiges). Les risques cycliques/r&#233;glementaires restent pr&#233;sents, mais att&#233;nu&#233;s par le bilan et les flux. Comme toujours, effectuez vos propres recherches et n&#8217;investissez qu&#8217;en fonction de votre tol&#233;rance au risque.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/sanofi-580?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Partager&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/sanofi-580?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Partager</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[5 opportunités midcap à mettre en PEA !]]></title><description><![CDATA[Mai 2026]]></description><link>https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/5-opportunites-midcap-a-mettre-en</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/5-opportunites-midcap-a-mettre-en</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Raphaël Vignes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 16 May 2026 06:15:34 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g3aX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F398487f1-806f-48ae-9542-d3b2d4c6dd2f_1280x720.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g3aX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F398487f1-806f-48ae-9542-d3b2d4c6dd2f_1280x720.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g3aX!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F398487f1-806f-48ae-9542-d3b2d4c6dd2f_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g3aX!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F398487f1-806f-48ae-9542-d3b2d4c6dd2f_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g3aX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F398487f1-806f-48ae-9542-d3b2d4c6dd2f_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g3aX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F398487f1-806f-48ae-9542-d3b2d4c6dd2f_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g3aX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F398487f1-806f-48ae-9542-d3b2d4c6dd2f_1280x720.jpeg" width="1280" height="720" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/398487f1-806f-48ae-9542-d3b2d4c6dd2f_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:720,&quot;width&quot;:1280,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:133782,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/196873967?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F398487f1-806f-48ae-9542-d3b2d4c6dd2f_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g3aX!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F398487f1-806f-48ae-9542-d3b2d4c6dd2f_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g3aX!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F398487f1-806f-48ae-9542-d3b2d4c6dd2f_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g3aX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F398487f1-806f-48ae-9542-d3b2d4c6dd2f_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g3aX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F398487f1-806f-48ae-9542-d3b2d4c6dd2f_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonnez-vous maintenant&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?"><span>Abonnez-vous maintenant</span></a></p><h2><strong>Introduction</strong></h2><p>Voici une analyse structur&#233;e des entreprises fran&#231;aises mid-cap (hors CAC 40 pur) situ&#233;es dans la tranche des capitalisations boursi&#232;res entre environ 4,5 et 8 milliards d&#8217;euros en mai 2026. Ce panier regroupe des profils vari&#233;s : ing&#233;nierie p&#233;troli&#232;re, restauration collective, services aux entreprises (blanchisserie industrielle), r&#233;assurance, tubes acier parap&#233;trolier, semi-conducteurs, services financiers (tickets restaurant), chimie, jeux d&#8217;argent et produits alimentaires (volaille).</p><p>Nous nous appuyons sur les m&#233;triques de la watchlist Investing Pro (CAGR CA 5 ans, EV/EBITDA, PER, P/FCF LTM, PEG, ROIC, ROE, dette nette/EBITDA, dette nette/fonds propres, rendement dividende, payout FCF) pour identifier les dossiers attractifs, les valeurs value, les profils rentiers et ceux &#224; &#233;viter.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oH5R!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe20b03a3-7ddc-443a-aeb9-b0b0a37d563b_1595x586.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oH5R!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe20b03a3-7ddc-443a-aeb9-b0b0a37d563b_1595x586.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oH5R!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe20b03a3-7ddc-443a-aeb9-b0b0a37d563b_1595x586.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oH5R!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe20b03a3-7ddc-443a-aeb9-b0b0a37d563b_1595x586.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oH5R!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe20b03a3-7ddc-443a-aeb9-b0b0a37d563b_1595x586.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oH5R!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe20b03a3-7ddc-443a-aeb9-b0b0a37d563b_1595x586.png" width="1200" height="440.9340659340659" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e20b03a3-7ddc-443a-aeb9-b0b0a37d563b_1595x586.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:535,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:147962,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/196873967?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe20b03a3-7ddc-443a-aeb9-b0b0a37d563b_1595x586.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oH5R!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe20b03a3-7ddc-443a-aeb9-b0b0a37d563b_1595x586.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oH5R!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe20b03a3-7ddc-443a-aeb9-b0b0a37d563b_1595x586.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oH5R!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe20b03a3-7ddc-443a-aeb9-b0b0a37d563b_1595x586.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!oH5R!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe20b03a3-7ddc-443a-aeb9-b0b0a37d563b_1595x586.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div><hr></div><h2><strong>S&#233;lection d&#8217;Actions</strong></h2><h2>Technip Energies (TE)</h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VfVQ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92ec2a5c-cb81-4387-a174-1814bad9e994_3372x1948.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VfVQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92ec2a5c-cb81-4387-a174-1814bad9e994_3372x1948.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VfVQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92ec2a5c-cb81-4387-a174-1814bad9e994_3372x1948.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VfVQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92ec2a5c-cb81-4387-a174-1814bad9e994_3372x1948.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VfVQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92ec2a5c-cb81-4387-a174-1814bad9e994_3372x1948.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VfVQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92ec2a5c-cb81-4387-a174-1814bad9e994_3372x1948.png" width="1456" height="841" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/92ec2a5c-cb81-4387-a174-1814bad9e994_3372x1948.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:841,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Technip Energies - Wikipedia&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Technip Energies - Wikipedia" title="Technip Energies - Wikipedia" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VfVQ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92ec2a5c-cb81-4387-a174-1814bad9e994_3372x1948.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VfVQ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92ec2a5c-cb81-4387-a174-1814bad9e994_3372x1948.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VfVQ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92ec2a5c-cb81-4387-a174-1814bad9e994_3372x1948.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!VfVQ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F92ec2a5c-cb81-4387-a174-1814bad9e994_3372x1948.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Technip Energies continue de profiter de son positionnement dans l&#8217;ing&#233;nierie et les services aux majors p&#233;troli&#232;res et gazi&#232;res. Avec une capitalisation de 7,8 milliards d&#8217;euros, le groupe affiche une croissance mod&#233;r&#233;e de 4,6 % annualis&#233;e sur cinq ans, mais b&#233;n&#233;ficie d&#8217;un carnet de commandes tr&#232;s bien garni. Le mod&#232;le, peu gourmand en capitaux gr&#226;ce &#224; un BFR structurellement n&#233;gatif, g&#233;n&#232;re une solide rentabilit&#233; (ROIC 9,2 %, ROE 15 %). Pourtant, les investisseurs paient d&#233;sormais le prix fort : EV/EBITDA &#224; 8,8x et PER &#224; plus de 20x. Le dividende reste modeste &#224; 2,6 %. Apr&#232;s un parcours exceptionnel ces derni&#232;res ann&#233;es, le dossier a perdu une grande partie de son attrait value. &#192; conserver si on est d&#233;j&#224; positionn&#233;, mais difficilement recommandable &#224; l&#8217;entr&#233;e aujourd&#8217;hui.</p><div><hr></div><h1>Sodexo (SW)</h1><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S1Kp!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f0ac8ae-540b-40d1-8799-e6d081b1c275_640x360.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S1Kp!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f0ac8ae-540b-40d1-8799-e6d081b1c275_640x360.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S1Kp!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f0ac8ae-540b-40d1-8799-e6d081b1c275_640x360.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S1Kp!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f0ac8ae-540b-40d1-8799-e6d081b1c275_640x360.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S1Kp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f0ac8ae-540b-40d1-8799-e6d081b1c275_640x360.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S1Kp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f0ac8ae-540b-40d1-8799-e6d081b1c275_640x360.jpeg" width="640" height="360" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9f0ac8ae-540b-40d1-8799-e6d081b1c275_640x360.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:360,&quot;width&quot;:640,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Buscar empleo: 85 ofertas de trabajo de sodexo en Madrid (mayo 2026) | JOB  TODAY&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Buscar empleo: 85 ofertas de trabajo de sodexo en Madrid (mayo 2026) | JOB  TODAY" title="Buscar empleo: 85 ofertas de trabajo de sodexo en Madrid (mayo 2026) | JOB  TODAY" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S1Kp!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f0ac8ae-540b-40d1-8799-e6d081b1c275_640x360.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S1Kp!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f0ac8ae-540b-40d1-8799-e6d081b1c275_640x360.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S1Kp!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f0ac8ae-540b-40d1-8799-e6d081b1c275_640x360.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!S1Kp!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f0ac8ae-540b-40d1-8799-e6d081b1c275_640x360.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Sodexo, g&#233;ant de la restauration collective et des services, &#233;volue dans un secteur mature o&#249; la croissance passe surtout par les acquisitions. &#192; 7,4 milliards d&#8217;euros de capitalisation, le groupe offre un rendement dividende de 6,3 %, parmi les plus &#233;lev&#233;s de cette s&#233;lection. Avec un EV/EBITDA &#224; 8,7x et un PER &#224; 13,6x, la valorisation appara&#238;t raisonnable. Le levier reste toutefois &#233;lev&#233; (dette nette/EBITDA &#224; 3,2x), ce qui explique en partie un ROE de 11,9 %. Pour les amateurs de revenus passifs, Sodexo constitue un profil rentier cr&#233;dible, &#224; condition que le payout se stabilise durablement &#224; ce niveau &#233;lev&#233;.</p><div><hr></div><h2>Elis (ELIS)</h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LV_u!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcfb78e3e-5b2b-40c1-ba3f-2fb0a7705763_343x147.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LV_u!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcfb78e3e-5b2b-40c1-ba3f-2fb0a7705763_343x147.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LV_u!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcfb78e3e-5b2b-40c1-ba3f-2fb0a7705763_343x147.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LV_u!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcfb78e3e-5b2b-40c1-ba3f-2fb0a7705763_343x147.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LV_u!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcfb78e3e-5b2b-40c1-ba3f-2fb0a7705763_343x147.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LV_u!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcfb78e3e-5b2b-40c1-ba3f-2fb0a7705763_343x147.png" width="343" height="147" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cfb78e3e-5b2b-40c1-ba3f-2fb0a7705763_343x147.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:147,&quot;width&quot;:343,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Servicios de vestuario laboral, manteler&#237;a, ropa de cama, ropa de ba&#241;o,  lavado de manos, secado de manos para todo tipo de negocios | Elis Espa&#241;a&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Servicios de vestuario laboral, manteler&#237;a, ropa de cama, ropa de ba&#241;o,  lavado de manos, secado de manos para todo tipo de negocios | Elis Espa&#241;a" title="Servicios de vestuario laboral, manteler&#237;a, ropa de cama, ropa de ba&#241;o,  lavado de manos, secado de manos para todo tipo de negocios | Elis Espa&#241;a" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LV_u!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcfb78e3e-5b2b-40c1-ba3f-2fb0a7705763_343x147.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LV_u!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcfb78e3e-5b2b-40c1-ba3f-2fb0a7705763_343x147.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LV_u!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcfb78e3e-5b2b-40c1-ba3f-2fb0a7705763_343x147.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LV_u!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcfb78e3e-5b2b-40c1-ba3f-2fb0a7705763_343x147.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Leader europ&#233;en de la blanchisserie industrielle et de la location textile, Elis lave le linge des h&#244;tels, restaurants et h&#244;pitaux avec une r&#233;gularit&#233; de m&#233;tronome. &#192; 7,2 milliards d&#8217;euros, le titre affiche une croissance annuelle moyenne de 11,3 % sur cinq ans, presque enti&#232;rement externe. La valorisation est attractive (EV/EBITDA 6,6x), mais la rentabilit&#233; op&#233;rationnelle reste moyenne (ROIC 5,5 %) et la dette p&#232;se encore (pr&#232;s de 100 % des fonds propres). Le dividende modeste (1,7 %) est tr&#232;s s&#233;curis&#233;. Un dossier value d&#233;fensif &#224; suivre de pr&#232;s, particuli&#232;rement si le management parvient &#224; redresser ses marges.</p><div><hr></div><h4>SCOR (SCR)</h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_i4v!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faef55dd4-affe-4ae7-905d-be63d960601d_416x416.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_i4v!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faef55dd4-affe-4ae7-905d-be63d960601d_416x416.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_i4v!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faef55dd4-affe-4ae7-905d-be63d960601d_416x416.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_i4v!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faef55dd4-affe-4ae7-905d-be63d960601d_416x416.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_i4v!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faef55dd4-affe-4ae7-905d-be63d960601d_416x416.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_i4v!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faef55dd4-affe-4ae7-905d-be63d960601d_416x416.jpeg" width="416" height="416" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/aef55dd4-affe-4ae7-905d-be63d960601d_416x416.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:416,&quot;width&quot;:416,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Fitch downgrades SCOR ratings on weak profitability - Reinsurance News&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Fitch downgrades SCOR ratings on weak profitability - Reinsurance News" title="Fitch downgrades SCOR ratings on weak profitability - Reinsurance News" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_i4v!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faef55dd4-affe-4ae7-905d-be63d960601d_416x416.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_i4v!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faef55dd4-affe-4ae7-905d-be63d960601d_416x416.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_i4v!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faef55dd4-affe-4ae7-905d-be63d960601d_416x416.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!_i4v!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faef55dd4-affe-4ae7-905d-be63d960601d_416x416.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Dans le monde opaque et technique de la r&#233;assurance, SCOR joue dans la cour des grands. Avec 6,5 milliards d&#8217;euros de capitalisation, le r&#233;assureur affiche un PER particuli&#232;rement bas (6,5x) et un rendement dividende de 6,1 %, typique du secteur (environ 80 % du r&#233;sultat net distribu&#233;). Le ROE solide &#224; 13,2 % refl&#232;te le levier naturel du float d&#8217;assurance. Pour les investisseurs pr&#234;ts &#224; accepter le risque sp&#233;cifique du m&#233;tier (sinistres majeurs, catastrophes naturelles), SCOR offre un beau profil rentier dans un secteur souvent sous-estim&#233;.</p><div><hr></div><h2>Vallourec (VK)</h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3JhU!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F548f747e-386d-4ace-adc7-2b3b83731436_960x871.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3JhU!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F548f747e-386d-4ace-adc7-2b3b83731436_960x871.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3JhU!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F548f747e-386d-4ace-adc7-2b3b83731436_960x871.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3JhU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F548f747e-386d-4ace-adc7-2b3b83731436_960x871.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3JhU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F548f747e-386d-4ace-adc7-2b3b83731436_960x871.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3JhU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F548f747e-386d-4ace-adc7-2b3b83731436_960x871.png" width="455" height="412.8177083333333" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/548f747e-386d-4ace-adc7-2b3b83731436_960x871.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:871,&quot;width&quot;:960,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:455,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;File:Vallourec logo (avant 2014).svg - Wikimedia Commons&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="File:Vallourec logo (avant 2014).svg - Wikimedia Commons" title="File:Vallourec logo (avant 2014).svg - Wikimedia Commons" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3JhU!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F548f747e-386d-4ace-adc7-2b3b83731436_960x871.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3JhU!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F548f747e-386d-4ace-adc7-2b3b83731436_960x871.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3JhU!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F548f747e-386d-4ace-adc7-2b3b83731436_960x871.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3JhU!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F548f747e-386d-4ace-adc7-2b3b83731436_960x871.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Vallourec, sp&#233;cialiste des tubes acier sans soudure pour l&#8217;industrie p&#233;troli&#232;re et gazi&#232;re, profite pleinement du rebond des cours des hydrocarbures. &#192; 6,3 milliards d&#8217;euros, le groupe impressionne par sa rentabilit&#233; op&#233;rationnelle (ROIC 12,4 %), obtenue sans recours excessif &#224; la dette. Le dividende atteint 6,4 %, avec un payout &#233;lev&#233;. Moins d&#233;cot&#233; qu&#8217;auparavant, le titre reste int&#233;ressant pour qui cherche du rendement dans le secteur &#233;nergie, &#224; condition de tol&#233;rer la cyclicit&#233; forte li&#233;e aux Capex des clients p&#233;troliers.</p><div><hr></div><h2>Soitec (SOI)</h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g-yo!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff46ba1ba-afbe-4dcb-8ee6-c061c4f7a7d2_900x900.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g-yo!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff46ba1ba-afbe-4dcb-8ee6-c061c4f7a7d2_900x900.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g-yo!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff46ba1ba-afbe-4dcb-8ee6-c061c4f7a7d2_900x900.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g-yo!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff46ba1ba-afbe-4dcb-8ee6-c061c4f7a7d2_900x900.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g-yo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff46ba1ba-afbe-4dcb-8ee6-c061c4f7a7d2_900x900.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g-yo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff46ba1ba-afbe-4dcb-8ee6-c061c4f7a7d2_900x900.jpeg" width="278" height="278" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f46ba1ba-afbe-4dcb-8ee6-c061c4f7a7d2_900x900.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:900,&quot;width&quot;:900,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:278,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Soitec - YouTube&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Soitec - YouTube" title="Soitec - YouTube" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g-yo!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff46ba1ba-afbe-4dcb-8ee6-c061c4f7a7d2_900x900.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g-yo!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff46ba1ba-afbe-4dcb-8ee6-c061c4f7a7d2_900x900.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g-yo!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff46ba1ba-afbe-4dcb-8ee6-c061c4f7a7d2_900x900.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!g-yo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff46ba1ba-afbe-4dcb-8ee6-c061c4f7a7d2_900x900.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Soitec incarne le retournement spectaculaire. L&#8217;ancienne deep value des semi-conducteurs (wafers silicium) a connu un parcours fulgurant gr&#226;ce &#224; son repositionnement sur l&#8217;intelligence artificielle. &#192; 6,3 milliards d&#8217;euros, la valorisation s&#8217;est fortement tendue (EV/EBITDA 25,8x) et les free cash flows restent n&#233;gatifs en raison des investissements. Le momentum est puissant, mais le risque de &#171; br&#251;lure &#187; est r&#233;el en cas de ralentissement du cycle des puces. Trop cher pour de nouveaux entrants.</p><div><hr></div><h2>Edenred (EDEN)</h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rbLt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c0d22db-c230-48a9-a596-db9aa255d5fa_1723x1107.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rbLt!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c0d22db-c230-48a9-a596-db9aa255d5fa_1723x1107.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rbLt!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c0d22db-c230-48a9-a596-db9aa255d5fa_1723x1107.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rbLt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c0d22db-c230-48a9-a596-db9aa255d5fa_1723x1107.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rbLt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c0d22db-c230-48a9-a596-db9aa255d5fa_1723x1107.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rbLt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c0d22db-c230-48a9-a596-db9aa255d5fa_1723x1107.jpeg" width="1456" height="935" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1c0d22db-c230-48a9-a596-db9aa255d5fa_1723x1107.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:935,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Edenred - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Edenred - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre" title="Edenred - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rbLt!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c0d22db-c230-48a9-a596-db9aa255d5fa_1723x1107.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rbLt!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c0d22db-c230-48a9-a596-db9aa255d5fa_1723x1107.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rbLt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c0d22db-c230-48a9-a596-db9aa255d5fa_1723x1107.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!rbLt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1c0d22db-c230-48a9-a596-db9aa255d5fa_1723x1107.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Edenred, roi incontest&#233; du ticket restaurant, continue de g&#233;n&#233;rer des marges exceptionnelles sur un march&#233; captif cr&#233;&#233; par la r&#233;glementation fran&#231;aise. &#192; 5,8 milliards d&#8217;euros, le mod&#232;le reste extr&#234;mement rentable&#8230; mais extr&#234;mement d&#233;pendant du bon vouloir du l&#233;gislateur. Malgr&#233; un dividende de 6,3 % et une valorisation basse, le risque politique (hausse des taxes, remise en cause du syst&#232;me) est trop important. Un dossier &#224; &#233;viter pour qui d&#233;teste les incertitudes r&#233;glementaires.</p><div><hr></div><h2>Arkema (AKE)</h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6v2d!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F158b106f-01a7-4a66-bb6c-a25378d89fe8_3485x1054.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6v2d!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F158b106f-01a7-4a66-bb6c-a25378d89fe8_3485x1054.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6v2d!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F158b106f-01a7-4a66-bb6c-a25378d89fe8_3485x1054.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6v2d!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F158b106f-01a7-4a66-bb6c-a25378d89fe8_3485x1054.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6v2d!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F158b106f-01a7-4a66-bb6c-a25378d89fe8_3485x1054.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6v2d!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F158b106f-01a7-4a66-bb6c-a25378d89fe8_3485x1054.png" width="1456" height="440" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/158b106f-01a7-4a66-bb6c-a25378d89fe8_3485x1054.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:440,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Archivo:ARKEMA logo.png - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Archivo:ARKEMA logo.png - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre" title="Archivo:ARKEMA logo.png - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6v2d!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F158b106f-01a7-4a66-bb6c-a25378d89fe8_3485x1054.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6v2d!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F158b106f-01a7-4a66-bb6c-a25378d89fe8_3485x1054.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6v2d!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F158b106f-01a7-4a66-bb6c-a25378d89fe8_3485x1054.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6v2d!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F158b106f-01a7-4a66-bb6c-a25378d89fe8_3485x1054.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Arkema traverse une p&#233;riode particuli&#232;rement difficile. Le chimiste europ&#233;en souffre de la conjonction de co&#251;ts &#233;nerg&#233;tiques &#233;lev&#233;s et de mati&#232;res premi&#232;res rench&#233;ries. &#192; 5,5 milliards d&#8217;euros, la rentabilit&#233; est au plus bas (ROIC 2,5 %) et le dividende de 5,8 % appara&#238;t menac&#233;. Un secteur en souffrance et un timing d&#233;favorable : mieux vaut rester &#224; l&#8217;&#233;cart pour l&#8217;instant.</p><div><hr></div><h2>FDJ United (FDJU)</h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vxPJ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd277d494-f20f-45e4-b15e-d2130ab54698_8465x2126.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vxPJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd277d494-f20f-45e4-b15e-d2130ab54698_8465x2126.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vxPJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd277d494-f20f-45e4-b15e-d2130ab54698_8465x2126.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vxPJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd277d494-f20f-45e4-b15e-d2130ab54698_8465x2126.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vxPJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd277d494-f20f-45e4-b15e-d2130ab54698_8465x2126.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vxPJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd277d494-f20f-45e4-b15e-d2130ab54698_8465x2126.jpeg" width="1456" height="366" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d277d494-f20f-45e4-b15e-d2130ab54698_8465x2126.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:366,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;FDJ UNITED: A new brand for a new chapter - FDJ UNITED&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="FDJ UNITED: A new brand for a new chapter - FDJ UNITED" title="FDJ UNITED: A new brand for a new chapter - FDJ UNITED" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vxPJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd277d494-f20f-45e4-b15e-d2130ab54698_8465x2126.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vxPJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd277d494-f20f-45e4-b15e-d2130ab54698_8465x2126.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vxPJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd277d494-f20f-45e4-b15e-d2130ab54698_8465x2126.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!vxPJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd277d494-f20f-45e4-b15e-d2130ab54698_8465x2126.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>FDJ United, monopole des jeux d&#8217;argent en France et acteur majeur en Europe, affiche un dividende tr&#232;s g&#233;n&#233;reux de 9,2 %. Derri&#232;re les apparences attractives se cache cependant un risque majeur : l&#8217;&#201;tat, actionnaire et en qu&#234;te perp&#233;tuelle de recettes, pourrait alourdir encore la fiscalit&#233; sur ce secteur &#171; facile &#224; taxer &#187;. Malgr&#233; une rentabilit&#233; solide, le dossier reste trop risqu&#233; pour la plupart des investisseurs long terme.</p><div><hr></div><h2>LDC (LOUP)</h2><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s9Vv!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2fdcf96-8d60-4b38-acfe-110b1a5d94a4_960x1299.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s9Vv!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2fdcf96-8d60-4b38-acfe-110b1a5d94a4_960x1299.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s9Vv!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2fdcf96-8d60-4b38-acfe-110b1a5d94a4_960x1299.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s9Vv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2fdcf96-8d60-4b38-acfe-110b1a5d94a4_960x1299.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s9Vv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2fdcf96-8d60-4b38-acfe-110b1a5d94a4_960x1299.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s9Vv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2fdcf96-8d60-4b38-acfe-110b1a5d94a4_960x1299.jpeg" width="348" height="470.8875" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f2fdcf96-8d60-4b38-acfe-110b1a5d94a4_960x1299.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1299,&quot;width&quot;:960,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:348,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;LDC Group - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="LDC Group - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre" title="LDC Group - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s9Vv!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2fdcf96-8d60-4b38-acfe-110b1a5d94a4_960x1299.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s9Vv!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2fdcf96-8d60-4b38-acfe-110b1a5d94a4_960x1299.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s9Vv!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2fdcf96-8d60-4b38-acfe-110b1a5d94a4_960x1299.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!s9Vv!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff2fdcf96-8d60-4b38-acfe-110b1a5d94a4_960x1299.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Leader fran&#231;ais et europ&#233;en du poulet, LDC &#233;volue dans un secteur d&#233;fensif o&#249; elle dispose d&#8217;un vrai pricing power face &#224; la grande distribution. &#192; 4,7 milliards d&#8217;euros, le groupe affiche une croissance solide de 7,4 % annualis&#233;e et une situation bilancielle tr&#232;s saine (cash net, dette n&#233;gligeable). Le dividende actuel de 1,4 % appara&#238;t tr&#232;s conservateur et pourrait &#234;tre sensiblement relev&#233;. Un beau dossier d&#233;fensif, sorti de la zone value la plus profonde, mais toujours int&#233;ressant &#224; conserver.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>Dans cette tranche mid-cap, les belles opportunit&#233;s se font plus rares apr&#232;s le rallye g&#233;n&#233;ralis&#233;. Les profils rentiers les plus solides restent Sodexo, SCOR et Vallourec pour leur rendement attractif. Du c&#244;t&#233; value/d&#233;fensif, Elis et LDC conservent un int&#233;r&#234;t. &#192; l&#8217;inverse, Soitec, Edenred, FDJ et Arkema pr&#233;sentent des risques trop &#233;lev&#233;s au regard de leur profil actuel. Faites vos propres recherches<br></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/5-opportunites-midcap-a-mettre-en?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Partager&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/5-opportunites-midcap-a-mettre-en?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Partager</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Vallourec]]></title><description><![CDATA[Superbe performance !]]></description><link>https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/vallourec-dc6</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/vallourec-dc6</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Raphaël Vignes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 15 May 2026 06:15:50 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!45Vn!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb67e8149-5533-4ba7-9869-e6decd936607_1280x720.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!45Vn!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb67e8149-5533-4ba7-9869-e6decd936607_1280x720.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!45Vn!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb67e8149-5533-4ba7-9869-e6decd936607_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!45Vn!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb67e8149-5533-4ba7-9869-e6decd936607_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!45Vn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb67e8149-5533-4ba7-9869-e6decd936607_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!45Vn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb67e8149-5533-4ba7-9869-e6decd936607_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!45Vn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb67e8149-5533-4ba7-9869-e6decd936607_1280x720.jpeg" width="1280" height="720" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b67e8149-5533-4ba7-9869-e6decd936607_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:720,&quot;width&quot;:1280,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!45Vn!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb67e8149-5533-4ba7-9869-e6decd936607_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!45Vn!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb67e8149-5533-4ba7-9869-e6decd936607_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!45Vn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb67e8149-5533-4ba7-9869-e6decd936607_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!45Vn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb67e8149-5533-4ba7-9869-e6decd936607_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonnez-vous maintenant&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?"><span>Abonnez-vous maintenant</span></a></p><h4><strong>Le cours de l&#8217;action</strong></h4><p>Le cours de l&#8217;action Vallourec, leader mondial des tubes sans soudure premium pour l&#8217;&#233;nergie (principalement oil &amp; gas, avec des relais en g&#233;othermie et hydrog&#232;ne), &#233;volue autour de niveaux &#233;lev&#233;s d&#233;but 2026 avec une capitalisation boursi&#232;re d&#8217;environ 5,8 Md&#8364;. Apr&#232;s un point bas historique autour de 3 &#8364; post-restructuration en 2021, le titre a r&#233;alis&#233; un magnifique &#215;4. Dans un secteur parap&#233;trolier cyclique, avec un Brent rest&#233; relativement &#233;lev&#233; malgr&#233; un repli li&#233; aux &#233;v&#233;nements au Moyen-Orient (Iran), la question d&#8217;une opportunit&#233; &#171; value + haut rendement actionnarial &#187; se pose toujours, mais avec un profil d&#233;sormais diff&#233;rent. Analysons les fondamentaux actualis&#233;s d&#233;but 2026.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J_PI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a32f54e-760f-46d8-ad20-d84664789364_1512x708.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J_PI!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a32f54e-760f-46d8-ad20-d84664789364_1512x708.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J_PI!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a32f54e-760f-46d8-ad20-d84664789364_1512x708.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J_PI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a32f54e-760f-46d8-ad20-d84664789364_1512x708.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J_PI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a32f54e-760f-46d8-ad20-d84664789364_1512x708.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J_PI!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a32f54e-760f-46d8-ad20-d84664789364_1512x708.png" width="1200" height="562.0879120879121" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6a32f54e-760f-46d8-ad20-d84664789364_1512x708.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:682,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:142032,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/196757194?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a32f54e-760f-46d8-ad20-d84664789364_1512x708.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J_PI!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a32f54e-760f-46d8-ad20-d84664789364_1512x708.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J_PI!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a32f54e-760f-46d8-ad20-d84664789364_1512x708.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J_PI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a32f54e-760f-46d8-ad20-d84664789364_1512x708.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!J_PI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6a32f54e-760f-46d8-ad20-d84664789364_1512x708.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Croissance</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I8M1!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1dbd80b2-a38f-4d24-9016-e3911c30d5e4_1519x830.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I8M1!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1dbd80b2-a38f-4d24-9016-e3911c30d5e4_1519x830.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I8M1!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1dbd80b2-a38f-4d24-9016-e3911c30d5e4_1519x830.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I8M1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1dbd80b2-a38f-4d24-9016-e3911c30d5e4_1519x830.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I8M1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1dbd80b2-a38f-4d24-9016-e3911c30d5e4_1519x830.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I8M1!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1dbd80b2-a38f-4d24-9016-e3911c30d5e4_1519x830.png" width="1200" height="656.0439560439561" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I8M1!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1dbd80b2-a38f-4d24-9016-e3911c30d5e4_1519x830.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I8M1!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1dbd80b2-a38f-4d24-9016-e3911c30d5e4_1519x830.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I8M1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1dbd80b2-a38f-4d24-9016-e3911c30d5e4_1519x830.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!I8M1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1dbd80b2-a38f-4d24-9016-e3911c30d5e4_1519x830.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Vallourec affiche une croissance organique structurellement faible, proche de 2-3 % par an en moyenne, tr&#232;s cyclique et corr&#233;l&#233;e aux capex des majors p&#233;troli&#232;res et gazi&#232;res. Sur 10 ans, la croissance du chiffre d&#8217;affaires est limit&#233;e (m&#233;diane autour de 2-3 %), avec un ralentissement observ&#233; depuis 2023. En 2026, on note une moindre d&#233;c&#233;l&#233;ration gr&#226;ce au contexte p&#233;trolier encore soutenu. Quelques acquisitions (environ 573 M&#8364; sur 10 ans) et surtout de belles commandes viennent compl&#233;ter le tableau : 800 M&#8364; en g&#233;othermie aux &#201;tats-Unis en avril et des contrats significatifs en Indon&#233;sie en mars. Les relais hors oil &amp; gas progressent mais restent secondaires. Globalement, il ne faut pas attendre une forte croissance sur cette soci&#233;t&#233; mature dans un march&#233; mature, mais plut&#244;t une bonne tenue cyclique.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Taux de marge</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K6kI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8fd66360-6606-4be7-95a0-c3f388a26d43_1519x830.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K6kI!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8fd66360-6606-4be7-95a0-c3f388a26d43_1519x830.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K6kI!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8fd66360-6606-4be7-95a0-c3f388a26d43_1519x830.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K6kI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8fd66360-6606-4be7-95a0-c3f388a26d43_1519x830.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K6kI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8fd66360-6606-4be7-95a0-c3f388a26d43_1519x830.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K6kI!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8fd66360-6606-4be7-95a0-c3f388a26d43_1519x830.png" width="1200" height="656.0439560439561" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8fd66360-6606-4be7-95a0-c3f388a26d43_1519x830.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:796,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:138541,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/190415925?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8fd66360-6606-4be7-95a0-c3f388a26d43_1519x830.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K6kI!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8fd66360-6606-4be7-95a0-c3f388a26d43_1519x830.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K6kI!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8fd66360-6606-4be7-95a0-c3f388a26d43_1519x830.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K6kI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8fd66360-6606-4be7-95a0-c3f388a26d43_1519x830.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!K6kI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8fd66360-6606-4be7-95a0-c3f388a26d43_1519x830.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><ul><li><p>Les marges sont en nette expansion structurelle depuis la restructuration, signe d&#8217;une am&#233;lioration op&#233;rationnelle remarquable et d&#8217;une prise de parts de march&#233;.</p><ul><li><p>Marge brute : proche de 30 %, en forte progression.</p></li><li><p>Marge d&#8217;EBITDA : solide autour de 21 %</p></li><li><p>Marge nette : environ 10 %.</p></li><li><p>Marge de free cash flow : &#233;galement autour de 10 % du CA.</p></li></ul><p>Cette expansion des marges refl&#232;te un meilleur pricing power, un mix produits valoris&#233; et une ma&#238;trise des co&#251;ts r&#233;ussie.</p></li></ul><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Qualit&#233; des b&#233;n&#233;fices nets</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qbVH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F396aab62-91d2-447d-81d2-c8266749a4a7_1519x830.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qbVH!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F396aab62-91d2-447d-81d2-c8266749a4a7_1519x830.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qbVH!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F396aab62-91d2-447d-81d2-c8266749a4a7_1519x830.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qbVH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F396aab62-91d2-447d-81d2-c8266749a4a7_1519x830.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qbVH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F396aab62-91d2-447d-81d2-c8266749a4a7_1519x830.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qbVH!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F396aab62-91d2-447d-81d2-c8266749a4a7_1519x830.png" width="1200" height="656.0439560439561" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/396aab62-91d2-447d-81d2-c8266749a4a7_1519x830.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:796,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:144001,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/190415925?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F396aab62-91d2-447d-81d2-c8266749a4a7_1519x830.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qbVH!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F396aab62-91d2-447d-81d2-c8266749a4a7_1519x830.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qbVH!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F396aab62-91d2-447d-81d2-c8266749a4a7_1519x830.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qbVH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F396aab62-91d2-447d-81d2-c8266749a4a7_1519x830.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qbVH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F396aab62-91d2-447d-81d2-c8266749a4a7_1519x830.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>La conversion des r&#233;sultats nets en free cash flow s&#8217;est nettement am&#233;lior&#233;e depuis 2020. Sur 5 ans, le FCF cumul&#233; est sup&#233;rieur au r&#233;sultat net ; sur 3 ans, la diff&#233;rence est faible mais positive. Le besoin en fonds de roulement (BFR) s&#8217;am&#233;liore fortement : r&#233;duction cumul&#233;e de l&#8217;ordre de 1,4 &#224; 1,7 Md&#8364; selon les p&#233;riodes, avec un niveau relatif d&#233;sormais confortable (15-25 % du CA sur un chiffre d&#8217;affaires d&#8217;environ 3,8 Md&#8364;). Les capex restent inf&#233;rieurs aux dotations aux amortissements, indiquant une l&#233;g&#232;re contraction de l&#8217;appareil productif (maintien plut&#244;t que d&#233;veloppement massif). Peu d&#8217;&#233;l&#233;ments perturbants ; la g&#233;n&#233;ration de cash est devenue fiable et de bonne qualit&#233; post-restructuration.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Rentabilit&#233;</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QKK2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F540bee7e-035c-4bc8-8e76-567af0e5c73f_1512x708.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QKK2!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F540bee7e-035c-4bc8-8e76-567af0e5c73f_1512x708.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QKK2!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F540bee7e-035c-4bc8-8e76-567af0e5c73f_1512x708.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QKK2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F540bee7e-035c-4bc8-8e76-567af0e5c73f_1512x708.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QKK2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F540bee7e-035c-4bc8-8e76-567af0e5c73f_1512x708.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QKK2!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F540bee7e-035c-4bc8-8e76-567af0e5c73f_1512x708.png" width="1200" height="562.0879120879121" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/540bee7e-035c-4bc8-8e76-567af0e5c73f_1512x708.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:682,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:64434,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/196757194?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F540bee7e-035c-4bc8-8e76-567af0e5c73f_1512x708.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QKK2!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F540bee7e-035c-4bc8-8e76-567af0e5c73f_1512x708.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QKK2!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F540bee7e-035c-4bc8-8e76-567af0e5c73f_1512x708.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QKK2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F540bee7e-035c-4bc8-8e76-567af0e5c73f_1512x708.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QKK2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F540bee7e-035c-4bc8-8e76-567af0e5c73f_1512x708.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Le ROIC (Return On Invested Capital) ressort &#224; environ 13-14 % sur les derni&#232;res p&#233;riodes (12,7 % en m&#233;diane 5 ans, 13,7 % en glissant fin 2025), tr&#232;s sup&#233;rieur au co&#251;t moyen pond&#233;r&#233; du capital (estim&#233; autour de 7-9 %). Cette cr&#233;ation de valeur claire provient principalement de la forte am&#233;lioration de la marge op&#233;rationnelle (EBIT margin ~16,3 %), malgr&#233; un secteur intensif en capital. Belle performance op&#233;rationnelle qui se traduit m&#233;caniquement dans la valorisation de l&#8217;action.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Dette</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QxIm!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcad1c929-c6bf-4be6-b4e1-7e415142aa79_1519x830.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QxIm!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcad1c929-c6bf-4be6-b4e1-7e415142aa79_1519x830.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QxIm!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcad1c929-c6bf-4be6-b4e1-7e415142aa79_1519x830.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QxIm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcad1c929-c6bf-4be6-b4e1-7e415142aa79_1519x830.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QxIm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcad1c929-c6bf-4be6-b4e1-7e415142aa79_1519x830.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QxIm!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcad1c929-c6bf-4be6-b4e1-7e415142aa79_1519x830.png" width="1200" height="656.0439560439561" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cad1c929-c6bf-4be6-b4e1-7e415142aa79_1519x830.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:796,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:113262,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/190415925?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcad1c929-c6bf-4be6-b4e1-7e415142aa79_1519x830.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QxIm!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcad1c929-c6bf-4be6-b4e1-7e415142aa79_1519x830.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QxIm!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcad1c929-c6bf-4be6-b4e1-7e415142aa79_1519x830.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QxIm!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcad1c929-c6bf-4be6-b4e1-7e415142aa79_1519x830.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!QxIm!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcad1c929-c6bf-4be6-b4e1-7e415142aa79_1519x830.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Position de tr&#233;sorerie nette (endettement n&#233;gatif). Le bilan est totalement assaini depuis la restructuration. Aucune inqui&#233;tude sur la dette, m&#234;me en bas de cycle : situation tr&#232;s solide.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>R&#233;mun&#233;ration des actionnaires</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9DMM!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98dd2f8a-bb51-46e5-935a-ecf6c3ad045b_1512x708.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9DMM!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98dd2f8a-bb51-46e5-935a-ecf6c3ad045b_1512x708.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9DMM!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98dd2f8a-bb51-46e5-935a-ecf6c3ad045b_1512x708.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9DMM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98dd2f8a-bb51-46e5-935a-ecf6c3ad045b_1512x708.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9DMM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98dd2f8a-bb51-46e5-935a-ecf6c3ad045b_1512x708.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9DMM!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98dd2f8a-bb51-46e5-935a-ecf6c3ad045b_1512x708.png" width="1200" height="562.0879120879121" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/98dd2f8a-bb51-46e5-935a-ecf6c3ad045b_1512x708.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:682,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:105605,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/196757194?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98dd2f8a-bb51-46e5-935a-ecf6c3ad045b_1512x708.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9DMM!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98dd2f8a-bb51-46e5-935a-ecf6c3ad045b_1512x708.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9DMM!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98dd2f8a-bb51-46e5-935a-ecf6c3ad045b_1512x708.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9DMM!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98dd2f8a-bb51-46e5-935a-ecf6c3ad045b_1512x708.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9DMM!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F98dd2f8a-bb51-46e5-935a-ecf6c3ad045b_1512x708.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Vallourec a vers&#233; un dividende g&#233;n&#233;reux de 351 M&#8364; au titre de 2025 (rendement &#233;lev&#233;, autour de 9 % &#224; l&#8217;&#233;poque). La politique cible reste de distribuer environ 80 % de la g&#233;n&#233;ration de tr&#233;sorerie (dividendes + rachats). Pour 2026, un dividende copieux est attendu (environ 330-340 M&#8364;), offrant un rendement actionnarial actuel autour de 6-6,2 %. Les rachats d&#8217;actions ont &#233;t&#233; utilis&#233;s pour g&#233;rer la dilution li&#233;e aux BSA des cr&#233;anciers de la restructuration, &#233;vitant ainsi toute dilution nette. ArcelorMittal d&#233;tient un bloc au capital, ce qui ajoute un potentiel sp&#233;culatif (OPA &#233;ventuelle). Priorit&#233; claire au retour de cash aux actionnaires.</p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Valorisation</strong></h4><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E1UN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cfb2728-c1d2-4ba0-b4e1-27219c68796e_1518x708.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E1UN!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cfb2728-c1d2-4ba0-b4e1-27219c68796e_1518x708.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E1UN!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cfb2728-c1d2-4ba0-b4e1-27219c68796e_1518x708.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E1UN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cfb2728-c1d2-4ba0-b4e1-27219c68796e_1518x708.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E1UN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cfb2728-c1d2-4ba0-b4e1-27219c68796e_1518x708.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E1UN!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cfb2728-c1d2-4ba0-b4e1-27219c68796e_1518x708.png" width="1200" height="559.6153846153846" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3cfb2728-c1d2-4ba0-b4e1-27219c68796e_1518x708.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:679,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:55051,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/196757194?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cfb2728-c1d2-4ba0-b4e1-27219c68796e_1518x708.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E1UN!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cfb2728-c1d2-4ba0-b4e1-27219c68796e_1518x708.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E1UN!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cfb2728-c1d2-4ba0-b4e1-27219c68796e_1518x708.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E1UN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cfb2728-c1d2-4ba0-b4e1-27219c68796e_1518x708.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!E1UN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3cfb2728-c1d2-4ba0-b4e1-27219c68796e_1518x708.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Le multiple EV/EBITDA se situe actuellement autour de 7x, au-dessus de la m&#233;diane r&#233;cente post-restructuration (5x) mais en de&#231;&#224; de la m&#233;diane long terme (7,7x). Il n&#8217;y a plus de d&#233;cote massive. Le momentum est bon, port&#233; par les marges &#233;lev&#233;es, le cash-flow solide et le contexte p&#233;trolier. Par rapport aux pairs (Tenaris, beaucoup plus grosse capitalisation et plus ch&#232;re ; Tubacex plus petite), Vallourec appara&#238;t comme l&#8217;un des plus rentables, sans prime excessive. Peu de d&#233;cote sur actifs tangibles. Potentiel haussier limit&#233; par l&#8217;absence de d&#233;cote, mais possible expansion multiple sp&#233;culative (jusqu&#8217;&#224; 9x en exc&#232;s) et rendement cash attractif.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!86xJ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F060479ee-509a-43de-a70b-de239865ef12_1654x136.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!86xJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F060479ee-509a-43de-a70b-de239865ef12_1654x136.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!86xJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F060479ee-509a-43de-a70b-de239865ef12_1654x136.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!86xJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F060479ee-509a-43de-a70b-de239865ef12_1654x136.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!86xJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F060479ee-509a-43de-a70b-de239865ef12_1654x136.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!86xJ!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F060479ee-509a-43de-a70b-de239865ef12_1654x136.png" width="1200" height="98.9010989010989" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/060479ee-509a-43de-a70b-de239865ef12_1654x136.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:120,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:30479,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/196757194?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F060479ee-509a-43de-a70b-de239865ef12_1654x136.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!86xJ!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F060479ee-509a-43de-a70b-de239865ef12_1654x136.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!86xJ!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F060479ee-509a-43de-a70b-de239865ef12_1654x136.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!86xJ!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F060479ee-509a-43de-a70b-de239865ef12_1654x136.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!86xJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F060479ee-509a-43de-a70b-de239865ef12_1654x136.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><div><hr></div><h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4><p>Vallourec n&#8217;offre plus le m&#234;me profil &#171; value profonde &#187; qu&#8217;il y a quelques ann&#233;es, mais reste une belle histoire de redressement avec des fondamentaux solides : marges structurellement &#233;lev&#233;es, cash-flow fiable, bilan impeccable, ROIC sup&#233;rieur au WACC et retour massif aux actionnaires. La croissance reste faible et cyclique, mais la qualit&#233; op&#233;rationnelle a fortement progress&#233;. Le momentum est positif, port&#233; par le Brent et les commandes. Si vous d&#233;tenez le titre, une conservation avec une vision d&#8217;expansion multiple sp&#233;culative (et dividende) peut se justifier. Si vous n&#8217;en avez pas, le niveau actuel n&#8217;est plus un point d&#8217;entr&#233;e &#233;vident sauf pour un investisseur orient&#233; rendement (malgr&#233; la volatilit&#233; p&#233;trole). Les risques cycliques (baisse du Brent, ralentissement des capex) restent pr&#233;sents, mais sont att&#233;nu&#233;s par le bilan et les flux. La pr&#233;sence d&#8217;ArcelorMittal continue d&#8217;apporter un catalyseur sp&#233;culatif. Comme toujours, effectuez vos propres recherches et n&#8217;investissez qu&#8217;en fonction de votre tol&#233;rance au risque.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/vallourec-dc6?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Partager&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/vallourec-dc6?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Partager</span></a></p><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[4 pépites midcaps à mettre en PEA !]]></title><description><![CDATA[Mai 2026]]></description><link>https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/4-pepites-midcaps-a-mettre-en-pea</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/4-pepites-midcaps-a-mettre-en-pea</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Raphaël Vignes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 14 May 2026 06:15:24 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sz5L!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa7bcce98-7d6a-4d5f-8175-e208e6683fb5_1280x720.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sz5L!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa7bcce98-7d6a-4d5f-8175-e208e6683fb5_1280x720.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sz5L!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa7bcce98-7d6a-4d5f-8175-e208e6683fb5_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sz5L!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa7bcce98-7d6a-4d5f-8175-e208e6683fb5_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sz5L!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa7bcce98-7d6a-4d5f-8175-e208e6683fb5_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sz5L!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa7bcce98-7d6a-4d5f-8175-e208e6683fb5_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sz5L!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa7bcce98-7d6a-4d5f-8175-e208e6683fb5_1280x720.jpeg" width="1280" height="720" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a7bcce98-7d6a-4d5f-8175-e208e6683fb5_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:720,&quot;width&quot;:1280,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:117346,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/196627077?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa7bcce98-7d6a-4d5f-8175-e208e6683fb5_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sz5L!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa7bcce98-7d6a-4d5f-8175-e208e6683fb5_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sz5L!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa7bcce98-7d6a-4d5f-8175-e208e6683fb5_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sz5L!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa7bcce98-7d6a-4d5f-8175-e208e6683fb5_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sz5L!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa7bcce98-7d6a-4d5f-8175-e208e6683fb5_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonnez-vous maintenant&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?"><span>Abonnez-vous maintenant</span></a></p><h2><strong>Introduction</strong></h2><p>Voici une analyse structur&#233;e des entreprises fran&#231;aises mid-cap (hors CAC 40 pur) situ&#233;es approximativement dans la tranche des capitalisations boursi&#232;res entre environ 8 et 20 milliards d&#8217;euros en mai 2026. Ce panier regroupe des profils vari&#233;s : gestion d&#8217;actifs, pharmacie, distribution &#233;lectrique, infrastructures de transport, location lo&#8230;</p>
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          <a href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/4-pepites-midcaps-a-mettre-en-pea">
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Soitec]]></title><description><![CDATA[Explosion du cours, est-ce que &#231;a va continuer ?]]></description><link>https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/soitec-4ea</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/soitec-4ea</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Raphaël Vignes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 13 May 2026 06:15:55 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JOz9!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9adbfd7-88ea-499b-9306-21de839bf5d1_1280x720.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JOz9!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9adbfd7-88ea-499b-9306-21de839bf5d1_1280x720.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JOz9!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9adbfd7-88ea-499b-9306-21de839bf5d1_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JOz9!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9adbfd7-88ea-499b-9306-21de839bf5d1_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JOz9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9adbfd7-88ea-499b-9306-21de839bf5d1_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JOz9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9adbfd7-88ea-499b-9306-21de839bf5d1_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JOz9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9adbfd7-88ea-499b-9306-21de839bf5d1_1280x720.jpeg" width="1280" height="720" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c9adbfd7-88ea-499b-9306-21de839bf5d1_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:720,&quot;width&quot;:1280,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:144547,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/196514651?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9adbfd7-88ea-499b-9306-21de839bf5d1_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JOz9!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9adbfd7-88ea-499b-9306-21de839bf5d1_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JOz9!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9adbfd7-88ea-499b-9306-21de839bf5d1_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JOz9!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9adbfd7-88ea-499b-9306-21de839bf5d1_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!JOz9!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc9adbfd7-88ea-499b-9306-21de839bf5d1_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonnez-vous maintenant&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?"><span>Abonnez-vous maintenant</span></a></p><h4><strong>Le cours de l&#8217;action</strong></h4><p>Le cours de l&#8217;action Soitec, leader mondial des substrats innovants (notamment SOI, POI, SmartSiC&#8482;) pour les semi-conducteurs, a connu une forte remont&#233;e ces derniers mois et oscille d&#233;sormais nettement plus haut qu&#8217;en d&#233;but d&#8217;ann&#233;e 2026. Apr&#232;s un cycle difficile, le titre a rebondi significativement, port&#233; par le regain d&#8217;optimisme &#8230;</p>
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          </a>
      </p>
   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Technip Energies : au plus haut !]]></title><description><![CDATA[Au plus haut !]]></description><link>https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/technip-energies-au-plus-haut</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/technip-energies-au-plus-haut</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Raphaël Vignes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 12 May 2026 06:15:48 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!79OR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83bba30e-03ec-406b-a403-179571f47fe5_1280x720.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!79OR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83bba30e-03ec-406b-a403-179571f47fe5_1280x720.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!79OR!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83bba30e-03ec-406b-a403-179571f47fe5_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!79OR!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83bba30e-03ec-406b-a403-179571f47fe5_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!79OR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83bba30e-03ec-406b-a403-179571f47fe5_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!79OR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83bba30e-03ec-406b-a403-179571f47fe5_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!79OR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83bba30e-03ec-406b-a403-179571f47fe5_1280x720.jpeg" width="1280" height="720" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/83bba30e-03ec-406b-a403-179571f47fe5_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:720,&quot;width&quot;:1280,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!79OR!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83bba30e-03ec-406b-a403-179571f47fe5_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!79OR!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83bba30e-03ec-406b-a403-179571f47fe5_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!79OR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83bba30e-03ec-406b-a403-179571f47fe5_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!79OR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F83bba30e-03ec-406b-a403-179571f47fe5_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><h4></h4><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonnez-vous maintenant&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?"><span>Abonnez-vous maintenant</span></a></p><h4><strong><br>Le cours de l&#8217;action</strong></h4><p>En mai 2026, Technip Energies affiche une capitalisation boursi&#232;re d&#8217;environ 7 milliards d&#8217;euros, confirmant son statut de mid-cap solide et dynamique dans le secteur de l&#8217;ing&#233;nierie &#233;nerg&#233;tique en Europe. Cot&#233;e depuis le spin-off de TechnipFMC en 2021, l&#8217;action est pass&#233;e d&#8217;environ 13 &#8364; &#224; pr&#232;s de 40 &#8364;, soit un multiple d&#8217;environ x3 &#8230;</p>
      <p>
          <a href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/technip-energies-au-plus-haut">
              Read more
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      </p>
   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[5 solides actions à dividendes croissants pour votre PEA !]]></title><description><![CDATA[Mai 2026]]></description><link>https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/5-solides-actions-a-dividendes-croissants</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/5-solides-actions-a-dividendes-croissants</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Raphaël Vignes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 11 May 2026 06:15:57 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Dl4f!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64dabb64-709f-47ce-81a0-98ef293c2a63_1280x720.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Dl4f!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64dabb64-709f-47ce-81a0-98ef293c2a63_1280x720.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Dl4f!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64dabb64-709f-47ce-81a0-98ef293c2a63_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Dl4f!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64dabb64-709f-47ce-81a0-98ef293c2a63_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Dl4f!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64dabb64-709f-47ce-81a0-98ef293c2a63_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Dl4f!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64dabb64-709f-47ce-81a0-98ef293c2a63_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Dl4f!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64dabb64-709f-47ce-81a0-98ef293c2a63_1280x720.jpeg" width="1280" height="720" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/64dabb64-709f-47ce-81a0-98ef293c2a63_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:720,&quot;width&quot;:1280,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:110206,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/196292512?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64dabb64-709f-47ce-81a0-98ef293c2a63_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Dl4f!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64dabb64-709f-47ce-81a0-98ef293c2a63_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Dl4f!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64dabb64-709f-47ce-81a0-98ef293c2a63_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Dl4f!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64dabb64-709f-47ce-81a0-98ef293c2a63_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Dl4f!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F64dabb64-709f-47ce-81a0-98ef293c2a63_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonnez-vous maintenant&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?"><span>Abonnez-vous maintenant</span></a></p><h2><strong>Introduction</strong></h2><p>Dans cette analyse de mai 2026, nous explorons les opportunit&#233;s en dividendes croissants parmi les entreprises fran&#231;aises cot&#233;es. Nous utilisons un screener cibl&#233; avec les crit&#232;res suivants : capitalisation sup&#233;rieure &#224; 1 Md&#8364;, rendement du dividende sup&#233;rieur ou &#233;gal &#224; 4 %, croissance annualis&#233;e du dividende sur 5 ans sup&#233;rieure &#224; 10 %, ende&#8230;</p>
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          <a href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/5-solides-actions-a-dividendes-croissants">
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Le TOP actions à GROS dividendes !]]></title><description><![CDATA[Mai 2026]]></description><link>https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/le-top-actions-a-gros-dividendes</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/le-top-actions-a-gros-dividendes</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Raphaël Vignes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 10 May 2026 06:16:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SQDe!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05cb6a93-7e72-4e01-a7ad-6d07881d3ffb_1280x720.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SQDe!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05cb6a93-7e72-4e01-a7ad-6d07881d3ffb_1280x720.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SQDe!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05cb6a93-7e72-4e01-a7ad-6d07881d3ffb_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SQDe!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05cb6a93-7e72-4e01-a7ad-6d07881d3ffb_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SQDe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05cb6a93-7e72-4e01-a7ad-6d07881d3ffb_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SQDe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05cb6a93-7e72-4e01-a7ad-6d07881d3ffb_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SQDe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05cb6a93-7e72-4e01-a7ad-6d07881d3ffb_1280x720.jpeg" width="1280" height="720" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/05cb6a93-7e72-4e01-a7ad-6d07881d3ffb_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:720,&quot;width&quot;:1280,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SQDe!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05cb6a93-7e72-4e01-a7ad-6d07881d3ffb_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SQDe!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05cb6a93-7e72-4e01-a7ad-6d07881d3ffb_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SQDe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05cb6a93-7e72-4e01-a7ad-6d07881d3ffb_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SQDe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F05cb6a93-7e72-4e01-a7ad-6d07881d3ffb_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonnez-vous maintenant&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?"><span>Abonnez-vous maintenant</span></a></p><p></p><h2><strong>Introduction</strong></h2><p>Dans cette analyse, nous mettons &#224; jour notre screener rentier pour identifier les entreprises fran&#231;aises (ou cot&#233;es en Europe avec exposition France) offrant des dividendes attractifs en mai 2026. Nous nous basons sur des crit&#232;res similaires : rendement du dividende sup&#233;rieur ou &#233;gal &#224; 5 %, capitalisation boursi&#232;re sup&#233;rieure &#224; 500 millions&#8230;</p>
      <p>
          <a href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/le-top-actions-a-gros-dividendes">
              Read more
          </a>
      </p>
   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[4 pépites value à mettre en portefeuille !]]></title><description><![CDATA[Mai 2026]]></description><link>https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/4-pepites-value-a-mettre-en-portefeuille</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/4-pepites-value-a-mettre-en-portefeuille</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Raphaël Vignes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 09 May 2026 06:15:55 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hLyL!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9211d82-bc56-4710-b65e-3171c0bbad5d_1280x720.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hLyL!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9211d82-bc56-4710-b65e-3171c0bbad5d_1280x720.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hLyL!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9211d82-bc56-4710-b65e-3171c0bbad5d_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hLyL!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9211d82-bc56-4710-b65e-3171c0bbad5d_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hLyL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9211d82-bc56-4710-b65e-3171c0bbad5d_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hLyL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9211d82-bc56-4710-b65e-3171c0bbad5d_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hLyL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9211d82-bc56-4710-b65e-3171c0bbad5d_1280x720.jpeg" width="1280" height="720" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a9211d82-bc56-4710-b65e-3171c0bbad5d_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:720,&quot;width&quot;:1280,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hLyL!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9211d82-bc56-4710-b65e-3171c0bbad5d_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hLyL!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9211d82-bc56-4710-b65e-3171c0bbad5d_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hLyL!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9211d82-bc56-4710-b65e-3171c0bbad5d_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!hLyL!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa9211d82-bc56-4710-b65e-3171c0bbad5d_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonnez-vous maintenant&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?"><span>Abonnez-vous maintenant</span></a></p><h2><strong>Introduction</strong></h2><p>En ce d&#233;but mai 2026, les actions europ&#233;ennes et fran&#231;aises continuent d&#8217;offrir des valorisations attractives par rapport aux march&#233;s am&#233;ricains</p><p>Dans ce contexte, nous avons actualis&#233; notre screener value strict sur les soci&#233;t&#233;s cot&#233;es &#224; Euronext (ou &#233;ligibles, y compris Amsterdam pour les si&#232;ges sociaux fran&#231;ais) :</p><ul><li><p>Capitalisation &#8805; 100 M&#8364;</p></li><li><p>Dett&#8230;</p></li></ul>
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          <a href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/4-pepites-value-a-mettre-en-portefeuille">
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Pernod Ricard]]></title><description><![CDATA[Mariage rat&#233; avec Brown Forman : reprise de la descente aux enfers ?]]></description><link>https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/pernod-ricard-dd6</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/pernod-ricard-dd6</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Raphaël Vignes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 08 May 2026 06:16:01 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OuZB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3070cc4-2ba2-45a4-a5f1-df24ec5a8f39_1280x720.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OuZB!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3070cc4-2ba2-45a4-a5f1-df24ec5a8f39_1280x720.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OuZB!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3070cc4-2ba2-45a4-a5f1-df24ec5a8f39_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OuZB!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3070cc4-2ba2-45a4-a5f1-df24ec5a8f39_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OuZB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3070cc4-2ba2-45a4-a5f1-df24ec5a8f39_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OuZB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3070cc4-2ba2-45a4-a5f1-df24ec5a8f39_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OuZB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3070cc4-2ba2-45a4-a5f1-df24ec5a8f39_1280x720.jpeg" width="1280" height="720" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c3070cc4-2ba2-45a4-a5f1-df24ec5a8f39_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:720,&quot;width&quot;:1280,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OuZB!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3070cc4-2ba2-45a4-a5f1-df24ec5a8f39_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OuZB!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3070cc4-2ba2-45a4-a5f1-df24ec5a8f39_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OuZB!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3070cc4-2ba2-45a4-a5f1-df24ec5a8f39_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OuZB!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3070cc4-2ba2-45a4-a5f1-df24ec5a8f39_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonnez-vous maintenant&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?"><span>Abonnez-vous maintenant</span></a></p><p>Alors que Pernod Ricard et Brown-Forman ont officiellement renonc&#233; &#224; leur projet de fusion, l&#8217;action du num&#233;ro deux mondial des vins et spiritueux continue de refl&#233;ter un secteur en grande difficult&#233;. Voici une analyse compl&#232;te de la situation du groupe.</p><h4><strong>Le cours de l&#8217;action</strong></h4>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[3 pépites parmi les challengers du CAC 40 !]]></title><description><![CDATA[Mai 2026]]></description><link>https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/3-pepites-parmi-les-challengers-du-f99</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/3-pepites-parmi-les-challengers-du-f99</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Raphaël Vignes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 07 May 2026 06:16:05 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ru-w!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff86998c8-a34f-4cef-baa9-f1029e794751_1280x720.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ru-w!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff86998c8-a34f-4cef-baa9-f1029e794751_1280x720.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ru-w!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff86998c8-a34f-4cef-baa9-f1029e794751_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ru-w!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff86998c8-a34f-4cef-baa9-f1029e794751_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ru-w!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff86998c8-a34f-4cef-baa9-f1029e794751_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ru-w!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff86998c8-a34f-4cef-baa9-f1029e794751_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ru-w!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff86998c8-a34f-4cef-baa9-f1029e794751_1280x720.jpeg" width="1280" height="720" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f86998c8-a34f-4cef-baa9-f1029e794751_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:720,&quot;width&quot;:1280,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ru-w!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff86998c8-a34f-4cef-baa9-f1029e794751_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ru-w!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff86998c8-a34f-4cef-baa9-f1029e794751_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ru-w!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff86998c8-a34f-4cef-baa9-f1029e794751_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ru-w!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff86998c8-a34f-4cef-baa9-f1029e794751_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonnez-vous maintenant&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?"><span>Abonnez-vous maintenant</span></a></p><h2><strong>Introduction</strong></h2><p>Dans cette analyse de d&#233;but mai 2026, nous poursuivons notre revue du CAC 40 en nous int&#233;ressant &#224; neuf valeurs souvent mises de c&#244;t&#233; ces derniers mois, mais qui m&#233;ritent un regard attentif apr&#232;s le r&#233;cent repli des march&#233;s. Il s&#8217;agit de Pernod Ricard, Unibail-Rodamco-Westfield, Euronext, Eiffage, Carrefour, Bureau Veritas, Eurofins Scientif&#8230;</p>
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          <a href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/3-pepites-parmi-les-challengers-du-f99">
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          </a>
      </p>
   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Veolia]]></title><description><![CDATA[Stop ou encore ?]]></description><link>https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/veolia-fa2</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/veolia-fa2</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Raphaël Vignes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2026 06:16:00 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5vca!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feaa018eb-18a5-47c3-a605-ff154f352551_1280x720.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5vca!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feaa018eb-18a5-47c3-a605-ff154f352551_1280x720.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5vca!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feaa018eb-18a5-47c3-a605-ff154f352551_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5vca!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feaa018eb-18a5-47c3-a605-ff154f352551_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5vca!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feaa018eb-18a5-47c3-a605-ff154f352551_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5vca!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feaa018eb-18a5-47c3-a605-ff154f352551_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5vca!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feaa018eb-18a5-47c3-a605-ff154f352551_1280x720.jpeg" width="1280" height="720" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/eaa018eb-18a5-47c3-a605-ff154f352551_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:720,&quot;width&quot;:1280,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:149494,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/195719754?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feaa018eb-18a5-47c3-a605-ff154f352551_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5vca!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feaa018eb-18a5-47c3-a605-ff154f352551_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5vca!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feaa018eb-18a5-47c3-a605-ff154f352551_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5vca!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feaa018eb-18a5-47c3-a605-ff154f352551_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!5vca!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feaa018eb-18a5-47c3-a605-ff154f352551_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonnez-vous maintenant&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?"><span>Abonnez-vous maintenant</span></a></p><h4><strong>Le cours de l&#8217;action</strong></h4><p>Veolia Environnement, leader mondial de la gestion de l&#8217;eau, des d&#233;chets et de l&#8217;&#233;nergie, reste un acteur majeur des services aux collectivit&#233;s et aux industries. Avec une capitalisation boursi&#232;re d&#8217;environ 26 milliards &#8364; d&#233;but 2026 (cours autour de 36 &#8364; par action), le titre a progress&#233; de mani&#232;re r&#233;guli&#232;re depuis 10 ans, passant d&#8217;&#8230;</p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Encore 5 dossiers CAC 40 pour booster votre PEA !]]></title><description><![CDATA[Mai 2026]]></description><link>https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/encore-5-dossiers-cac-40-pour-booster</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/encore-5-dossiers-cac-40-pour-booster</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Raphaël Vignes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 05 May 2026 06:15:51 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-Zy!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e2c2590-eba8-4ed0-9068-11941db93f32_1280x720.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-Zy!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e2c2590-eba8-4ed0-9068-11941db93f32_1280x720.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-Zy!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e2c2590-eba8-4ed0-9068-11941db93f32_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-Zy!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e2c2590-eba8-4ed0-9068-11941db93f32_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-Zy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e2c2590-eba8-4ed0-9068-11941db93f32_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-Zy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e2c2590-eba8-4ed0-9068-11941db93f32_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-Zy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e2c2590-eba8-4ed0-9068-11941db93f32_1280x720.jpeg" width="1280" height="720" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3e2c2590-eba8-4ed0-9068-11941db93f32_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:720,&quot;width&quot;:1280,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-Zy!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e2c2590-eba8-4ed0-9068-11941db93f32_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-Zy!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e2c2590-eba8-4ed0-9068-11941db93f32_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-Zy!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e2c2590-eba8-4ed0-9068-11941db93f32_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!R-Zy!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3e2c2590-eba8-4ed0-9068-11941db93f32_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonnez-vous maintenant&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?"><span>Abonnez-vous maintenant</span></a></p><h2><strong>Introduction</strong></h2><p>Voici une analyse structur&#233;e des entreprises du CAC 40 situ&#233;es approximativement dans la tranche des capitalisations boursi&#232;res entre environ 17 et 39 milliards d&#8217;euros en avril-mai 2026 (rang interm&#233;diaire du CAC 40). Ce panier regroupe des profils vari&#233;s : semi-conducteurs, produits de construction, luxe, utilities multi-services, logiciel&#8230;</p>
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[5 dossiers du CAC 40 avec du potentiel !]]></title><description><![CDATA[Mai 2026]]></description><link>https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/5-dossiers-du-cac-40-avec-du-potentiel</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/5-dossiers-du-cac-40-avec-du-potentiel</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Raphaël Vignes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 04 May 2026 06:15:59 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6t_Y!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ec5302f-7fb0-424e-9fdd-c8745ec15918_1280x720.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6t_Y!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ec5302f-7fb0-424e-9fdd-c8745ec15918_1280x720.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6t_Y!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ec5302f-7fb0-424e-9fdd-c8745ec15918_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6t_Y!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ec5302f-7fb0-424e-9fdd-c8745ec15918_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6t_Y!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ec5302f-7fb0-424e-9fdd-c8745ec15918_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6t_Y!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ec5302f-7fb0-424e-9fdd-c8745ec15918_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6t_Y!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ec5302f-7fb0-424e-9fdd-c8745ec15918_1280x720.jpeg" width="1280" height="720" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5ec5302f-7fb0-424e-9fdd-c8745ec15918_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:720,&quot;width&quot;:1280,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6t_Y!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ec5302f-7fb0-424e-9fdd-c8745ec15918_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6t_Y!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ec5302f-7fb0-424e-9fdd-c8745ec15918_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6t_Y!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ec5302f-7fb0-424e-9fdd-c8745ec15918_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6t_Y!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5ec5302f-7fb0-424e-9fdd-c8745ec15918_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonnez-vous maintenant&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?"><span>Abonnez-vous maintenant</span></a></p><p>Dans cette analyse, nous passons en revue une s&#233;lection de valeurs du CAC 40 situ&#233;es dans le deuxi&#232;me d&#233;cile &#233;largi de capitalisation boursi&#232;re (environ 38 &#224; 130 milliards d&#8217;euros en avril 2026). Ce groupe reste h&#233;t&#233;rog&#232;ne, m&#234;lant a&#233;ronautique/d&#233;fense, assurance, construction/concessions, utilities, banques, t&#233;l&#233;coms, agroalimentaire, &#233;quipement &#233;lectri&#8230;</p>
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          </a>
      </p>
   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[TotalEnergies]]></title><description><![CDATA[Beau parcours !]]></description><link>https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/totalenergies-a2f</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/totalenergies-a2f</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Raphaël Vignes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 03 May 2026 06:15:22 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qfKP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F223286d7-7d61-401a-8f6d-d7910df1e636_1280x720.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qfKP!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F223286d7-7d61-401a-8f6d-d7910df1e636_1280x720.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qfKP!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F223286d7-7d61-401a-8f6d-d7910df1e636_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qfKP!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F223286d7-7d61-401a-8f6d-d7910df1e636_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qfKP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F223286d7-7d61-401a-8f6d-d7910df1e636_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qfKP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F223286d7-7d61-401a-8f6d-d7910df1e636_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qfKP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F223286d7-7d61-401a-8f6d-d7910df1e636_1280x720.jpeg" width="1280" height="720" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/223286d7-7d61-401a-8f6d-d7910df1e636_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:720,&quot;width&quot;:1280,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:100726,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/i/195431050?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F223286d7-7d61-401a-8f6d-d7910df1e636_1280x720.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qfKP!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F223286d7-7d61-401a-8f6d-d7910df1e636_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qfKP!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F223286d7-7d61-401a-8f6d-d7910df1e636_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qfKP!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F223286d7-7d61-401a-8f6d-d7910df1e636_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qfKP!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F223286d7-7d61-401a-8f6d-d7910df1e636_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonnez-vous maintenant&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?"><span>Abonnez-vous maintenant</span></a></p><h4><strong>Le cours de l&#8217;action</strong></h4><p>Le cours de l&#8217;action TotalEnergies, g&#233;ant int&#233;gr&#233; du p&#233;trole, du gaz, du GNL et de l&#8217;&#233;lectricit&#233;, se n&#233;gocie actuellement autour de 77 &#8364; sur Euronext (environ 164 milliards &#8364; de capitalisation boursi&#232;re). Sur 10 ans, hors dividendes, la performance du titre reste modeste : de ~45 &#8364; &#224; ~77 &#8364;, soit environ +71 %. Mais pour l&#8217;investisseu&#8230;</p>
      <p>
          <a href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/totalenergies-a2f">
              Read more
          </a>
      </p>
   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[LVMH ]]></title><description><![CDATA[L'acheter quand tout va mal ?]]></description><link>https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/lvmh-35b</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/lvmh-35b</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Raphaël Vignes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sat, 02 May 2026 06:15:50 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kr_R!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81c40d45-7ad3-4898-9ee8-4362c40e43b7_1280x720.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kr_R!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81c40d45-7ad3-4898-9ee8-4362c40e43b7_1280x720.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kr_R!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81c40d45-7ad3-4898-9ee8-4362c40e43b7_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kr_R!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81c40d45-7ad3-4898-9ee8-4362c40e43b7_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kr_R!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81c40d45-7ad3-4898-9ee8-4362c40e43b7_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kr_R!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81c40d45-7ad3-4898-9ee8-4362c40e43b7_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kr_R!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81c40d45-7ad3-4898-9ee8-4362c40e43b7_1280x720.jpeg" width="1280" height="720" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kr_R!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81c40d45-7ad3-4898-9ee8-4362c40e43b7_1280x720.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kr_R!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81c40d45-7ad3-4898-9ee8-4362c40e43b7_1280x720.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kr_R!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81c40d45-7ad3-4898-9ee8-4362c40e43b7_1280x720.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Kr_R!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F81c40d45-7ad3-4898-9ee8-4362c40e43b7_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonnez-vous maintenant&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?"><span>Abonnez-vous maintenant</span></a></p><h4><strong>Le cours de l&#8217;action</strong></h4><p>En avril 2026, LVMH affiche une capitalisation boursi&#232;re d&#8217;environ 234 milliards &#8364;, confortant sa place de premi&#232;re capitalisation du CAC 40 et de g&#233;ant mondial du luxe. Sur 10 ans, le cours de l&#8217;action est pass&#233; d&#8217;environ 57 &#8364; &#224; environ 471 &#8364; actuellement, soit un multiple d&#8217;environ x8,3 (hors dividendes). La performance totale rest&#8230;</p>
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          <a href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/lvmh-35b">
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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[5 Stars du CAC 40 à acheter MAINTENANT !]]></title><description><![CDATA[Mai 2026]]></description><link>https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/5-stars-du-cac-40-a-acheter-maintenant</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/p/5-stars-du-cac-40-a-acheter-maintenant</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[Raphaël Vignes]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 01 May 2026 06:15:24 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6MqJ!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52ff009b-87a3-47b3-a668-f0fbdd6da87c_1280x720.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" 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1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6MqJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52ff009b-87a3-47b3-a668-f0fbdd6da87c_1280x720.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6MqJ!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52ff009b-87a3-47b3-a668-f0fbdd6da87c_1280x720.jpeg" width="1280" height="720" 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stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Abonnez-vous maintenant&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://raphaelvignesinvest.substack.com/subscribe?"><span>Abonnez-vous maintenant</span></a></p><p></p><h2><strong>Crit&#232;res d&#8217;&#233;valuation</strong></h2><p>Le CAC 40 a entam&#233; le mois de mai 2026 sur une note contrast&#233;e. 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